House and Garden 
handsomely; but Mr. Baldwin manages his herd in a 
business-like way and gives much personal attention 
to it. The Holsteins, originating in the provinces 
of North Holland, are very handsome. They are 
larger and sturdier than the Channel Island cattle 
and healthier too, being less liable to tuberculosis. 
They are excellent milkers and the milk is rich in 
butter. There are many persons of experience who 
greatly prefer them to Jerseys. 
Kerry cattle have excellences that are not to be 
despised. They are black and small and shapely, 
but hardy and good milkers. In Ireland the 
Kerry is called “the poor man’s cow,” as it is 
of this breed that a thrifty peasant usually has a 
specimen. 
In buying cows an amateur needs an expert 
adviser. An expert can tell with much certainty as to 
the milk-giving properties of a cow inspected and also 
as to its healthfulness. An amateur’s cow should 
never be too fine; this too fineness usually comes from 
close in-breeding. The milk-giving qualities of a 
cow are determined in a general way upon the shape 
of the bag and the lines of the hind quarters. The 
bag should be symmetrical and shaped very much 
like the crown of a “derby” hat with the teats alike 
in shape, and equally distant from one another. In 
housing cows all that I have said in regard to sta¬ 
bling horses applies. We want good ventilation 
and good drainage; above all things the cow sta¬ 
ble should be kept clean. A method by which the 
rear end of the stalls can be flushed with a hose is 
advisable. 
Cows are gregarious and friendly, and the stalls 
of the cow stable and the yokes by which the cows 
are secured should be so arranged that they can 
touch noses. 
Berkshires 
T he English have been great breeders of 
various kinds of animals. One of their 
greatest achievements has been the creation of 
the Berkshire hog, which is one of the heaviest of the 
porcine species, d'his pig is also unusually healthy 
and very prolific. It is a black pig “and usually has 
a white blaze or mark down the face, a white tip to 
the tail, and feet white up to the ankle joint. It has 
a moderately short head with heavy jowls, a deep 
carcase, wide, low, and well-developed hind quarters. 
with heavy hams. The skin is free from rucks and 
lines and carries an abundance of fine hair.” We 
have been bringing Berkshires into this country 
since before the Civil War and they are now very 
numerous. I do not recommend pigs for small 
places; there are objections too obvious to men¬ 
tion. But no really large establishment can be 
run economically without them. 
Without pigs on a farm there is a valuable surplus 
that is sure to go to waste. 
74 
