H ouse and Garden 
increase their strength, that they may uphold a wealth 
of trumpet-vine, moon-vine, and wistaria. There is 
no fear of too many vines here, for they w ill hut in¬ 
crease the charm. It is quite practical to construct, 
at slight expense, pergolas similar to this one, hy the 
use of cedar posts with the hark left on. The up¬ 
right posts are stripped of their hark for about four 
feet on the larger end, which is to he set in the ground. 
'This end is then covered with a preservative mixture 
of creosote and charcoal, and the posts are set. The 
rafters and crosspieces are made of similar posts, and 
the result is an artistic pergola which is charming 
from its very simplicity, when covered with grape¬ 
vines and flow'ering climhers. 
The position and arrangement of the pergola 
showm in Figure 3 is both original and charming. The 
pergola is elevated, so that its floor must he reached 
hy steps, and this arrangement places It practically on 
a level wdth the porch and doorway, and converts it 
into an out-of-door living-room. It is flanked by 
artistic stone w alls, and the whole design is exception¬ 
ally artistic. As in Figure i, the climbing vines 
are sufficiently heavy to he effective, while not so 
luxuriant as to conceal any of the fine architectural 
lines. 
1 hese porch pergolas are very satisfactory wdth 
their grape-vine drapery and varied effect in columns. 
I'he interesting pergola pictured in the frontispiece 
extends around two 
sides of a formal garden. 
'Fhe ffoor here is of flag¬ 
stones, between which 
the grass has grown. 
Fhe frame is of scjuare 
beams with rustic posts 
for uprights, as well as 
for transverse and longi¬ 
tudinal poles. Potted 
hydrangeas line the 
sides, and the draping of 
vines is very heavy. Fig¬ 
ure 6 presents the per¬ 
gola at the second ^ide 
of the same garden, 
ffere the flagged walk 
is only about three feet 
wdde, with a stone curb 
at each side, flanked hy 
flow er beds and potted 
hydrangeas. 1 he walk 
ends In a short flight of 
stone steps, and the cor¬ 
ner where the statue 
stands. 1 he framew ork 
o f t h e pergola show s 
more plainly here, as 
the vines have not yet 
covered the north side. 
The pergola pictured in Figure 5 stands at the 
rear of the house, not far from the entrance porch, 
and leads to a rustic, wmodland road which ends at 
the beach. The w-alk beneath the trellis is covered 
with closely clipped turf, while the uprights are 
square beams, and the transverse poles are rustic 
posts. Wire netting serves instead of the usual 
longitudinal pieces. The posts are buried in rambler 
roses and other blossoming vines, while row's of 
hollyhocks adorn the outer sides. 
"1 hese rustic forms are much admired to-day, since 
they show' much of nature and little of art, which is 
just what we expect in a garden. And just here may 
he a proper place to make a few' suggestions. No 
matter how rough and rustic the pergola may he, have 
a care as to its strength and durability. Massive 
strength Is needed to uphold the w eight of vines which 
you hope and expect, to cover the top. If possible, 
use uprights of rough stone, sink them In a bed of 
concrete, and let them not he less than eight feet apart 
across the walk. It is a common fault of pergolas 
to he too narrow', after the vines have grow n, to allow 
necessary space. Let your wooden crosspieces he 
very stout, and let them project at least a foot in each 
direction, to break the deadly straight line. Old oak 
beams and rafters, taken from some old building 
which has been torn down, make excellent cross¬ 
pieces. Strength is the main point to he considered. 
In a few years, when 
your vines are grown, 
you do not w ant to spoil 
them by stripping them 
from their supports, in 
order to institute needed 
repairs upon the wood¬ 
work. When strength 
has been secured, there 
is no limit to the modi¬ 
fications and adapta¬ 
tions to w hich a clever 
and artistic builder can 
apply the theory of the 
pergola, each suggested 
by the conditions exist¬ 
ing in the particular 
garden which It is to 
grace. Where a pergola 
can terminate at a point 
commanding an expan¬ 
sive view' the effect is 
doubled. So, too, w hen 
It rambles aw'ay w'ith- 
o Li t any seeming end 
into a shady woodland 
path w'hich leads to some 
charming retreat w'here 
communion w ith nature 
may not he disturbed. 
116 
