February, 1915 
HOUSE AND GARDEN 
us 
the frames gets more than io° or 15 0 
higher than this during the day, ventilation 
should be given by raising up the sash. 
It is always best to raise it in such a way 
that a cold wind will not blow directly into 
the frame. 
Through 
Wildfowl Breeding Grounds 
(Continued from page 89) 
show him the wonders, but, alas! there 
was not a duck on the island. Investiga¬ 
tion showed that a pair of coyotes, which 
had probably crossed in winter on the ice, 
had located there, and had cleaned out the 
colony. This indicates some of the natu¬ 
ral dangers to which the wildfowl are ex¬ 
posed. 
Proceeding further north, as in the 
upper parts of Saskatchewan and Mani¬ 
toba, we find a country largely forested 
with poplar and spruce, but with very 
many lakes, both large and small. Around 
the shores of these, at least in part, ex¬ 
tends a border of reed-grown marsh or 
grassy meadow, which gives good oppor¬ 
tunity for wildfowl to nest, much as in 
the prairie region. Here also we find 
wild ducks nesting in good numbers, and 
some Canada geese. 
Still further north, back from the 
shore of Hudson’s Bay, it is said, are vast 
muskegs, where great numbers of ducks 
and geese breed. This sort of country is 
a quaking bog, a layer of turf floating on 
the water, overgrown with tall reeds and 
the like. A person attempting to walk 
on this is likely at any moment to break 
through and be immersed in mud and 
water. Other extensive marshes are said 
to be in the deltas of the northern rivers, 
where they flow into the Arctic Sea, 
notably, the Mackenzie, Yukon and An¬ 
derson rivers. Besides these larger areas 
are multitudes of smaller lakes or sloughs, 
giving opportunity for the breeding of 
wildfowl. 
All this sort of marsh country where 
the fowl breed is forlorn and desolate, in 
a way. The tenderfoot, citified person 
would have no use for it. One must ex¬ 
pect to wade and flounder and struggle to 
get on in the world. The outlines of 
scenery are monotonous, though the vast 
spaces, as on the ocean, are majestic. 
There stretches away endlessly the green- 
brown prairie, or the sea of reeds and 
rushes of the marsh. 
Stand quietly in an area of reeds on the 
edge of open water, until the birds have 
forgotten your intrusion. Various kinds 
of wild ducks in pairs swim out before 
you, or mother ducks lead forth their 
downy broods. The curious, slate-col¬ 
ored coots or mud-hens paddle along the 
edge of the reeds, bobbing their heads and 
grunting as they go. Various species of 
grebes emerge from the water, look 
around, and dive again at the least alarm. 
Sora and Virginia rails skulk past in the 
thick growth, uttering wailing cries. The 
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