HOUSE AND GARDEN 
March, 1915 
"Cyco" BALL BEARING 
Carpet Sweepers 
combine simplicity and ease in operation, 
daily convenience, economy, and efficient 
sweeping. They confine the dust, freshen, 
brighten and preserve carpets and rugs and 
save your strength. The Bissell sweeper is 
the handy, inexpensive cleaning device for 
every day use. Double benefits are derived 
from two sweepers, one for upstairs and one 
for down. The best dealers sell them at 
$2.75 to $5.75. Booklet on request. 
Bissell Carpet Sweeper Co. 
Grand Rapids, Mich. Niagara Falls, Can. 
Protect the Wren 
A durable and attractive con¬ 
crete box with removable lid. 
$1.50 ea. 6 for $7.50 F. O. B. 
THE BIRD BOX 
West Chester, Pa. 
Packed for Expressage, 7 lbs. 
Don’t expose your fam¬ 
ily to draughts, cold and 
dampness. 
The Mallory Shutter Worker enables 
you to open, close, bow or lock your 
shutters at any angle by turning a crank 
on the inside of the window sash. 
Simple and easy to install — you yourself, or 
any carpenter can put them in place on old or 
new houses, whether brick, frame or stone. 
Write today for further information. 
MALLORY MANUFACTURING CO. 
255 Main Street 
FLEMINGTON, N. J. 
only lime was used, as we said before; 
Plaster of Paris is a comparatively recent 
discovery — or rediscovery — since the in¬ 
teriors of some of the earliest Egyptian 
tombs were coated with this material. 
Cement is the last of the three. It is 
somewhat like lime, hut much more com¬ 
plicated chemically. Until a very few 
years ago — in the eighteen hundreds — it 
was produced by calcining (roasting) a 
volcanic or a sedimentary rock which 
naturally contained the proper ingredients ; 
this cement is known as Roman, Puzzuo- 
lanic, Rosendale; now the best of our ce¬ 
ment, and by far the most of it, is pro¬ 
duced by calcining an artificial mixture of 
the proper ingredients; there is nothing 
left to chance; we are sure of our product, 
which is stronger than the old natural 
cement; we call it Portland Cement. 
Cement does not need to dry out in 
order to set, but a little water will cause it 
to set anywhere, under any condition; un¬ 
der water, as well as in the air; so, like 
Plaster of Paris, it must be wet only im¬ 
mediately before use; if it once starts to 
set and the “set” is broken, it will never 
be so strong again. There is no need for 
this; it takes several hours for the Initial 
“Set,” not several minutes, like Plaster of 
Paris. However, it is sometimes mixed 
with lime in the same way, to retard the 
setting. If the final set has once started, 
the cement must not be disturbed, or it is 
not fit to use again; therefore, no wet 
cement can be kept in good condition over 
night for use in the morning; though I 
find that the smaller and irresponsible 
Italian contractors are prone to attempt 
it, breaking up the left-over material and 
mixing it with a little new. Its hardening 
power has gone, though, and it is not 
much better than so much sand. 
Sand does not take a chemically active 
part with either Lime or Cement; it mere¬ 
ly dilutes the material, and, if in proper 
proportions, it makes the hardened ma¬ 
terial less apt to shrink and crack. Cement 
particularly has a superabundance of 
strength; it would be wasteful to build a 
wall of cement and sand alone, so small 
stones or clean cinders are mixed with the 
cement and sand, and this triple mixture 
is Concrete. 
As to the terms Mortar, Stucco or Plas¬ 
ter, they do not describe special materials, 
but indicate where the materials are used; 
though the word “Plaster” is sometimes 
carelessly used as an abbreviation of 
“Plaster of Paris,” and is misleading. 
Mortar is the material that fastens 
stones or bricks together in a building; it 
may be Lime Mortar, lime and sand; or 
Cement Mortar, cement and sand. 
Plaster, or Plastering, is the wall and 
ceiling covering. A room may be plas¬ 
tered with lime and sand, with Plaster of 
Paris, lime and sand, or with cement and 
sand; a house may be plastered outside 
with Lime and Sand, or with Cement and 
Sand; or, in the case of old houses in the 
Y 
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j “Billiards—The Home Magnet” 
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I Name . 
(410) 
I Address . 
In writing to advertisers please mention House & Garden. 
