Attack the rosebugs daily with arsenate of lead 
THE GARDEN ENEMIES TO LOOK OUT FOR—SPRAYING FROM APRIL ON 
-FORMULAS FOR SPRAYING MIXTURES — THE MACHINES TO USE 
Grace Tabor 
Photographs by the E. C. Brown Company 
T WO months ago, in these pages, was considered the sub¬ 
ject of winter spraying — taking the offensive against the 
outposts of the garden enemies. San Jose scale and the oyster 
scale were described then, and the work was mainly restricted to 
the spraying of fruit trees. 
Arriving well into April, things begin to be complicated, and 
the spraying table must be consulted from now on. Against the 
apple, for instance, there is a second race of invaders due along 
with the hatching of the new San Jose scales, about the time the 
young leaves are unfolding. This is 
the codling moth — the common, un¬ 
pleasant thing familiar to everybody 
in the “wormy” apple. Pears, quinces, 
prunes, plums, peaches and cherries 
are also its victims, but it is distinctly 
an apple feeder, if apples are plenti¬ 
ful. 
In a sober and inconspicuous way 
this moth is really a very beautiful 
little creature. The spread of its 
wings is not more than three-quar¬ 
ters of an inch — usually less—and it 
has two pairs of wings. The forward 
pair look like brownish-gray watered 
silk, with a spot at their tips of brown 
inlaid with rich bronze and gold ; the 
rear pair are sober grayish-brown, not 
ornamented at all, but very soft and 
delicate in texture and appearance. 
About a week after the apple trees 
have opened their buds these moths 
emerge from the pupae — which earlier 
in the spring have been developed from 
the larvae, in which state the insects 
have passed the winter, wrapped in 
their silken cocoons and hidden in 
cracks and holes in the trees or in 
houses where apples have been stored. 
A few days after emergence the gray 
moths lay their eggs — on the leaves in 
the first generation or brood; on the 
fruit usually, in the second. In about 
eleven days the eggs are incubated — 
the time varying with the tempera¬ 
ture — and the young larvae or "worms" of the new generation 
come forth, seeking at once to find a home for themselves inside 
the fruit just setting. Sometimes these small worms eat off the 
leaves before reaching the fruit, but they lose no time in making 
straight for the heart of the apple or pear, or whatever it may be, 
through the calyx end or through some irregularity in the sur¬ 
face. A smooth surface they cannot seem to penetrate. Natu¬ 
rally, once they have gone to the inside of the fruit, no poison 
can reach them; so it is in this early period, just after hatching, 
that spraying for them must be done. 
Along with the codling moth comes 
the curculio — a snout beetle — that it 
was thought at one time could only 
be fought by jarring from the trees. 
Spraying with the same sort of poison 
used against the codling moth, how¬ 
ever, is generally favored now. 
The injury done by the curculio is 
also effected by the worm form of the 
insect, but instead of this worm being 
hatched outside of the fruit and en¬ 
tering it subsequently, the egg is laid 
just under the skin of the newlv 
formed plum or peach or apple, and 
the insect is already safe from de¬ 
struction when it hatches. This com¬ 
plicates the work of the gardener; for, 
once hatched, it proceeds to eat and 
grow, all under cover, until it is a 
great, fat, whitish worm at the very 
heart of the fruit. The first broods 
come up from their winter quarters 
under rubbish or leaves or the dry 
grass of old, sod-covered orchards 
about the time the trees bloom; full- 
grown adults, ready to eat and mate 
and lay immediately. Direct poison 
applied to the tender buds and leaves 
and flowers on which they appease 
their spring appetite will destroy many 
of them. Some time in April the first 
application of Arsenate of Lead for 
these two enemies is made. Just when 
this is done depends entirely upon 
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