HOUSE AND GARDEN 
IOO 
March, i 
910 
and vegetables. With heavier sprays, such as Paris green and 
Lime-sulphur wash, agitation is necessary to keep the com¬ 
pound properly mixed, and many mixtures should be strained 
before using; thus for Lime-sulphur a strainer of not more than 
twenty meshes to the inch is necessary (a smaller mesh would fill 
up). The nozzles must be kept from clogging. 
In spraying, as high a pressure as possible is advisable, as the 
mist-like spray produced thereby reaches every part of the plant. 
Indeed thoroughness in spraying is one of the essentials to success¬ 
fully combatting plant pests, for any*hit-or-miss program renders 
the final result of little lasting value. 
Timeliness in spraying is a matter of the utmost importance. 
The garden-maker should make his preparations early, and from 
time to time study up the subject so he may be forewarned as 
well as forehanded. One good way to keep posted on such 
matters is to study the catalogues of manufacturers and by 
reading agricultural bulletins, as year by year spraying apparatus 
is improved and simplified, and many valuable spraying formulae 
are produced to combat with success new plant pests. The ac¬ 
companying table is, for all general purposes, a safe calendar of 
spraying operations to use as a guide. 
The following recipes are some of the more common ones in 
general use: 
INSECTICIDES 
1. Arsenate 0} Lead. Use 4 oz. to 5 gals, of water. 
2. Paris Green. Use \ oz. Paris green and 1 oz. freshly 
slaked stone lime to 5 gals, water. 
3. Kerosene Emulsion, b lb. soap dissolved in 1 gal. boiling 
water. Add 2 gals, kerosene; agitate 5 minutes. Dilute a 
dozen times before applying with spray. 
4. Lime-sulphur. Use lime, 1 lb., sulphur 1 lb., salt 1 lb., 
water 3 gals. 
5. Arsenite of Soda. Use white arsenic (crystalline) 1 lb. 
to 2 lbs. Carbonate of soda. 
6. Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate. Use Copper carbonate 
5 oz., Ammonia (26° Beaume) 3 pints, water 45 gals. 
7. IVhale-oil soap. Dissolve 2 lbs. in 1 gal. hot water. 
Dilute 4 times before spraying. 
8. Formalin Spray. Use 1 pint Formalin to 30 gals, water. 
9. Copper Sulphate. Use 1 lb. Copper sulphate to from 23 
to 50 gallons of water. 
FUNGICIDES 
10. Bordeaux Mixture. Use 5 lbs. Copper sulphate, 5 lbs. 
unslaked quicklime, and 50 gals, water. Slake lime with water 
to a thin paste and strain this. Place lime paste and Copper 
sulphate in jug and mix thoroughly by shaking. Then add this 
to full quantity of water. Any arsenites to be combined with 
Bordeaux mixture may be added as required. 
1 1. Sulphide of Potassium. Use 4 oz. of potassium sulphide 
to 5 gals, water. Dissolve sulphide in warm water and dilute to 
spraying strength. Use only when fresh as it soon loses strength. 
The following names of insect and fungous pests are followed 
each by the number of the recipe for the spray to use in coping 
with it: 
INSECT PESTS 
Aphids (Plant Lice) 5; Borer 10; Canker Worm 2; Codlin 
Moth 5, 9; Cottonwood-leaf Beetle 5; Cutworm 5; Elm Beetle 
5, 3; Elm Scale 3; Fall Web-worm 5; Four-striped Plant-bug 3; 
Hollyhock Bug 3; Leaf Cutter 3; Maple Borer 11; Maple Cotton 
Scale (Wooly Scale) 7; Mealy Bug 7; Mite 3; Oyster shell Scale 
3, 4; Red Spider 3; Rose Bug 1; Roseleaf Hopper 7; Rose 
Scale 3; Rose Slug 6; San Jose Scale 3, 7, 4 (winter); Scurfy 
Scale 3, 7, 4 (winter); Tussock Moth 2; Willow Worm 5. 
FUNGOUS PESTS 
Anthracnose 10; Chrysanthemum Leaf-spot 10; Hollyhock 
Rust 10; Leaf Blight 10; Leaf-rust 10; Maple Leaf-spot 10; 
Mildew 10; Pansy Rust 10; Rose Leaf-blight 10; Rust 10; 
Verbena Rust 11. 
For the Borer paint the trunk of trees with lime-wash, con¬ 
taining 5 oz. of Paris Green to each gallon of water. For ants 
pour a teaspoonful of bisulphate of carbon in each ant-hole and 
cover up. The chewing insects that injure our ornamental trees 
may be destroyed by arsenite sprays, but the sucking insects 
must be smothered by such sprays as the whale-oil soap (7), 
kerosene emulsion (3), or the lime-sulphur solution (4). 
One of the greatest aids to freedom from fungous and insect 
pests is cleanliness in the garden. See to it that your lawns, 
yards, orchards, gardens, borders and all are free from rubbish, 
especially free from vegetable matter, such as old tree-twigs and 
plant stocks that have died from abnormal causes. 
Calendar of Spraying Operations with Key to Insecticides and Fungicides to Use 
Plant 
Recipe 
No. 
Apple. 
IO 
Apricot. 
9 
Blackberry. 
2, 9, IO 
Cabbage.. . . 
2 
Cauliflower. 
2 
Cucumber. . 
IO 
Currant. . . . 
2, IO 
Cherry. 
3. 9 
Dewberry... 
-^1 
O 
Gooseberry. 
2, IO 
Grape. 
2. 9 
Melon. 
IO 
Pear. 
9 
Peach. 
9 
Peas. 
7 
Plum. 
9 
Potato. 
2, IO 
Quince. 
9 
Raspberry . 
2, 9, IO 
Rose. 
7. 11 
Strawberry. 
2, IO 
Squash. 
IO 
Tomato. . . . 
IO 
First Spraying 
Second Spraying 
Third Spraying 
Before budding. 
Before April 1 . 
Before budding . 
When worms appear . 
When worms appear. 
When young plants come through 
ground. 
When worms first appear . 
Before blossoms open . 
Before budding. 
When worms first appear. 
Just before growth starts. 
One month after planting. 
Before budding. 
Before April 1st. 
With first appearance of aphides .. 
Ten days before growth starts .... 
When plants 6 in high. 
Before budding. 
Before budding. 
April 15. 
When growth begins. 
One-month after planting. 
When rot or blight appears. 
Just before blossoms open.. . Just after blossoms fall. 
When fruit has set.Ten days after fruit has set.. 
When new canes 1 ft. high . . Ten days later. 
Whenever necessary.After heads form. 
Whenever necessary.Whenever necessary. 
Whenever necessary.Whenever necessary. 
When fruit half grown.After fruit is picked. 
Just after blossoms fall.Ten days after blossoms fall. 
When new canes 1 ft. growth Ten days later. 
When fruit half grown.After fruit is picked. 
When leaves one third grown Just before blossoms open.. . 
Every ten days.Every ten days. 
Just before blossoms open.. . Just after blossoms fall. 
When fruit has set.Ten days after fruit has set. 
Whenever necessary.Whenever necessary. 
Just before blossoms open.. . Just after blossoms fall. 
Every ten days till growth Every ten days till growth 
stops. stops. 
Just before blossoms open.. . Just after blossoms fall. 
When new canes 1 ft. high . . Ten days later. 
Every ten days.Every ten days. 
Whenever necessary.After fruit is picked. 
Every ten days.Every ten days. 
Whenever necessary.Whenever necessary. 
Fourth Spraying 
Ten days later. 
If rot appears. 
After fruiting and trimming canes. 
Whenever necessary. 
Whenever necessary. 
Whenever necessary. 
Fifteen days later. 
Just after fruit is picked. 
After fruiting and trimming canes. 
Fifteen days later. 
Just after fruit sets. 
Whenever necessary. 
Fifteen days later. 
If rot appears. 
Whenever necessary. 
1 Fifteen days after blossoms fall. 
Whenever necessary. 
Ten days later. 
After fruiting and trimming canes. 
Every ten days. 
First appearance of leaf roller. 
Whenever necessary. 
Whenever necessary. 
