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84 
House & Garden 
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For Your New Home 
Your refrigerator is the most important part of your 
home equipment because the healthfulness of your food 
depends upon its efficiency. A McCray refrigerator 
gives you perfect refrigeration. Arranged to be iced 
from the outside, it is convenient and keeps the iceman 
out of your kitchen. When you plan your new home, 
make it complete by installing a 
Sanitary Refrigerator 
Tliey are lined with Snow White Opal Glass—stain proof 
and acid proof—that is ea.sy to keep clean and absolutely sani¬ 
tary. There are no cracks or corners for germs to multiply 
—even the metal bar shelves are removable and the entire 
interior can be made spotless in a few minutes. 
McCray Sanitary Refrigerators are used in the U. S. Government 
Pure Food Laboratories and Hospitals because they meet every require¬ 
ment for sanitation, perfect refrigeration and economy of ice con¬ 
sumption. 
Let us send you illustrated catalog which shows a great variety of 
sizes at prices from $30 up, for almost every requirement. Special 
sizes and finishes to conform with floor plans and match interior finish 
are built to order. 
Any of these catalogs mailed on request: 
No. 92 for Residences. 
No. 51 for Hotels, Restaurants, 
Clubs. 
No. 70 for Grocers. 
No. 74 for Florists. 
No. 62 for Meat Markets. 
McCRAY REFRIGERATOR GO. 
716 LAKE STREET KEXDALLVILLE, IND. 
Agencies in all principal cities. 
.INI.... 
Charm and Comfort \ 
—the biggest things to attain in big and little homes. No | 
add's^lmr'in | 
beauty as case- | 
ment windows ; j 
none so much | 
convenience as | 
C-H casement ad- | 
j listers. I 
Write to-day for the | 
Casement Window | 
Handbook. It's | 
free to you. | 
THE CASEMENT HARDWARE CO. I 
1 S. CLINTON ST, :: :: :: CHICAGO | 
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Homes that Were Built of Pine 
{Continued from page 38) 
the ancient fences, some of which 
are very picturesque in their carving 
and the design of the posts, have been 
left standing Few, if any, show any 
effects of the ravages of time. 
White Pine in Ornamentation 
It was not until the commencement 
of the period of commercial prosper¬ 
ity that ornamental use was consid¬ 
ered to any considerable degree. It 
was then, when ship owners were 
moved to ornament their vessels, that 
we find a few of the old-time figure¬ 
heads. It must be remembered that 
the clumsy ships built by the owners 
rivalled one another in ornamental 
design, and that each and every one 
bore proudly upon the prow a figure¬ 
head. Some of these have been care¬ 
fully preserved, and are found today 
used as decorative features of a mod¬ 
ern garden, or peering out from the 
eaves of an up-to-date home. If they 
had been constructed of ordinary 
wood they would have perished long 
ago, but fortunately for us the en¬ 
durance of the timber so prevalently 
used in that day was considered for 
this purpose. One reason for this 
may have been that the white pine 
was soft and easy to carve. The wood 
carvers of the period had primitive 
tools, so that the easy working of the 
wood was essential to the perfect 
carving of the more intricate designs. 
Some of these were very elaborate. 
Nothing is so picturesque as an old 
mill, more especially when it has been 
silent for many years and has become 
softly weathered and vine-clad. Some 
of these are found on the shore of 
Cape Cod and are in as perfect con¬ 
dition as they were when first built. 
The outer boards were often whip- 
sawed, while the framework was 
hand cut, often showing the sign of 
the adz. These old mills vary in size 
and use, but they were generally used 
for the grinding of grain. 
The evolution of the porch shows 
often the date in which the house was 
built, the first being mere doorways, 
while with the accumulation of wealth 
more elaboration and carving were 
incorporated in their design. Some¬ 
times they were simple Ionic columns, 
showing ornamentation above. Again, 
we find only the framework of the 
door finished with dentation and Cot 
rinthian columns. Later on, when 
the fever for carving and ornamenta¬ 
tion had reached this country, the 
porches designed were often works 
of art. Out of the white pine were 
carved realistic grape-vines with their 
burden of clusters, and it is to this 
latter type that the architects of to¬ 
day are turning for copy. 
Panels and Mantels 
Rarely, if ever, can we today find 
as wide boards as were used for 
panelings in the olden times. It must 
be remembered that in those days the 
trees were so huge that cornice, 
mouldings or panels could be hewn 
out of one solid piece. This accounts 
in a way for the wonderful examples 
of pine woodwork that are found in 
Colonial houses. The panels differed 
according to the fancy of the worker 
—the pattern-maker, woodcarver and 
cabinet-maker—each of whom chose 
white pine for the most exacting uses 
that wood could be put to. The de¬ 
signs of the old cornices have been 
copied in many homes of today, and 
vary in size, some showing mere dent¬ 
ations, while others measure many 
inches in width and have been worked 
out artistically to show several differ¬ 
ent ideas carved in the same cornice. 
This fact is also true of doorcaps, 
many of which are perfectly plain, 
finished only as a frame and casing. 
while others are much more elaborate. 
We occasionally find designs of urns 
and other subjects in the center of 
the cap. We note, too, that while 
some of these caps show simple panel¬ 
ing, others are flanked with fluted 
columns, either Ionic or Corinthian. 
Studying carefully the old-time 
fireplaces, we are enlightened still 
further. It would have been very 
hard in a different kind of wood to 
have wrought • out elaborate designs. 
To be sure, the early fireplaces were 
bricked in with hand-made bricks, 
rough in mold and topped with a 
mantel of white pine whose only 
ornamentation was fluting under¬ 
neath. These houses are the ones 
that show huge timbers of the same 
wood, few of which were cased in. 
In the more elaborate mantels we 
find a great variety of designs. Often 
they had only a central figure for 
ornamentation, but this showed ex¬ 
cellent carving, delicately cut and ex¬ 
quisite in finish. This work was done 
generally by a wood-carver, the most 
famous of his trade being Samuel 
McIntyre, of Salem, Mass., whose 
wonderful designs have won him a 
high place in the world of art. Some¬ 
times these panels, instead of being 
plain, were wonderfully ornamented 
and almost like the frame of a mir¬ 
ror. In carving, pictures are out of 
place, as they destroy the design and 
fail to bring out the texture and grain. 
The cornice and panelling are all 
that are needed to add richness to the 
walls of the room. These were often 
panelled to the ceiling, but generally 
there was the wainscot only, the walls 
being plastered above, the plastering 
being generally covered with one of 
the rare pictorial papers which were 
so prevalent in that day. While the 
panelling was in white pine, and gen¬ 
erally worked out in our own country, 
yet some of it was brought from for¬ 
eign lands in the holds of the ships 
which were of the same material. 
In Hallways and Stairs 
One of the best proofs of the value 
of this wood is found in the hallways 
of the old houses. When carefully 
examining the balustrade we find that 
the boxed stairs are ornamented with 
balusters, each one of the three being 
of different design, while the space 
between the boxes often gave a 
chance for carved ornaments. The 
newel posts varied, sometimes being 
perfectly plain, and again showing 
wonderful carving. Much of this 
work was done by the ship carpenters 
during their leisure hours, and this 
accounts for the nautical trend that 
we often find in the designs. While 
the wood used was almost without ex¬ 
ception the white pine, yet the rail 
was more often of mahogany, the 
dark and the light woods bringing in¬ 
to evidence the value of each. 
The present century builders are 
turning more and more to the works 
of the old master builders and car¬ 
penters for cop)'. This is not to be 
wondered at when we note the dig¬ 
nity of line and wonderful balancing 
of proportion. Then, too, it must be 
remembered that there is a great 
range of subjects that was brought 
about by the builders being forced 
to rely upon tbeir brains for subject 
matter and design. 
The symbolism of the pine tree has 
been used since early days. The 
Persian potter wrought it into the 
lighter turquoise of his plate, and 
Zoroaster passes his symbol to Mo¬ 
hammed. Wherever the pine is men¬ 
tioned in literature, one feels instinc¬ 
tively the harmonious measures, the 
wonderful whispering of the trees 
that have been chanted in poetry, in 
prose and in our homes. 
