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House & 
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FLINT 
FINE FURNITURE 
EXCLUSIVE 
SUMMER FURNISHINGS 
So extensive and varied is our Spring and 
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of Single Rooms, Apartments, City Residences or Country 
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Imported and Domestic Drapery and Upholstery Fabric 
m exclusive colorings and designs. 
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ORIENTAL AND DOMESTIC RUGS AND 
DRAPERIES 
FLINT ^ HORNER CO., inc. 
20-26 WEST 36th STREET 
NEW YORK 
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Knowing the Wild Mushrooms 
{Continued from page 60) 
characteristic of the fresh specimens. 
If when sliced through the center 
there is revealed a yellowish, dusky, 
or smoky color, the specimen is past 
using for food. Puff-balls are widely 
distributed and fairly common in 
most localities from midsummer 
until late fall. The one most fre¬ 
quently met with is the small, top¬ 
shaped variety which measures from 
1" to lyA' in diameter. It grows 
on the ground in open, grassy places, 
sometimes in profusion. The plants 
are white but become dark grey or 
greyish-brown as they mature. Often 
when apparently fresh to outward 
appearance, inspection of the interior 
will reveal the tinge of color which 
betokens that the specimen has 
passed beyond the edible stage. 
When sliced and browned in butter 
puff-balls are a sweet dish. 
In late summer and autumn the 
giant puff-ball makes its appearance 
in pastures and open places. It is 
frequently found in corn fields be¬ 
tween the rows of standing corn. 
A specimen the size of a man's straw 
hat is not unusual and will form 
more than enough for a meal for a 
large family. Another form of puff¬ 
ball, called the beaker-shaped puff¬ 
ball, is pear-shaped, rounded above 
and tapering beneath. Its largest 
diameter is from 3" to 6". 
A group of delicious edible mush¬ 
rooms with which the student will 
become familiar without difficulty is 
that composing the genus Pleurotus. 
This group is especially characterized 
by growing on wood—either the half- 
decayed stumps and fallen timber 
found in the woods or on dead 
branches of living trees or from old 
scars caused by the removal of limbs. 
The genus comprises some of the 
most toothsome of the edible fungi, 
and to gather them one need often 
only walk along shaded city streets 
and pluck them from the trees which 
line the walks. The elm Pleurotus, 
which in autumn is common on many 
kinds of city shade trees, has a taste 
when butter browned not unlike a 
broiled pork chop. It is of large 
size, often occurring in groups or 
clusters, and because of its late sea¬ 
son is unusually free from insects. 
Its aroma when cooking fills the 
house and brings everyone to the 
table keen of appetite. 
The Pleurotus genus includes the 
well-known oyster mushroom whose 
form sometimes suggests the outline 
of an oyster shell. By many this 
latter variety is classed as one of the 
finest of the edible fungi, although it 
is rather tough, especially with age. 
After the amateur has had a little 
field experience he will have slight 
difficulty in singling out the members 
of this genus and will run no risk 
in using them for food. Their char¬ 
acteristics are such as to preclude 
the possibility of making any mistake. 
The Deadly Amanitas 
Most of the accidental poisonings 
from mushrooms of which one reads 
in the newspapers come from using 
fungi which are of the ordinary 
"toadstool” type and which grow 
upon the ground either in woods or 
fields. Many of our most highly 
prized edible forms have their homes 
in such places—but so does the deadly 
Amanita which causes the larger 
proportion of accidental deaths. The 
Amanitas are readily distinguished 
from the edible forms by the careful 
student, but the amateur or novice 
may easily be led astray. And cer¬ 
tainly the foolhardy individual who 
gathers and uses specimens which 
merely resemble some he has seen 
others gathering need not expect to 
escape the consequences. 
A peculiar feature about the vari¬ 
ous forms of Amanita is that they 
are among the most graceful of the 
fungi. The various colors and shad¬ 
ings which they assume make them 
equally attractive to the eye. An 
amateur who would hesitate to use 
some of the edible fungi of uncouth 
appearance might easily incline 
toward certain of the Amanitas be¬ 
cause of their delicate grace and 
beauty. Yet in most cases of mush¬ 
room poisoning it is one of this 
numerous family which is respon¬ 
sible for the mischief. The pure 
white form, found growing either in 
woods, grassy places or even city 
lawns, is one of the most beautiful. 
It bears the significant name of 
“Death Angel” b^ecause of its ex¬ 
tremely potent poison. A small sec¬ 
tion of a single cap will cause death. 
And so subtle is the poison of the 
Afnanita that not infrequently by the 
time a person begins to feel the first 
symptoms of trouble after having 
eaten of it the case is so far ad¬ 
vanced that it is impossible to save 
the patient. For some of these alko- 
loidal poisons no antidote is known. 
The Common Edible Mushroom 
Inhabiting the same open, grassy 
places in which the Amanita is often 
found there grows the common 
mushroom so extensively used for 
food, Agaricns campestris. In gen¬ 
eral appearance there is a similarity 
which probably has deceived many. 
Y"et the student will have no trouble 
after a little in distinguishing be¬ 
tween this and the various forms of 
Amanita. A study of your manual 
in connection with freshly gathered 
specimens of each is the only way 
to a proper understanding of this 
and similar matters. 
The Agaricns grows almost any¬ 
where outside of the deep woods. 
In some places it grows in luxurious 
abundance. Many people with no 
scientific knowledge whatever of 
mushrooms gather it freely and in 
most cases without dire results. But 
every fall the newspapers herald the 
annual harvest of mushroom victims. 
Knowing ones suspect the reason— 
an Amanita has been gathered along 
with a basket full of the Agaricns. 
All this would have been obviated 
by a little care and study. Yet it 
continues to be the case that this 
common fungus is more widely col¬ 
lected for food than any other and 
most frequently by the uninitiated. 
It is also cultivated for market in 
large quantities. The mushroom 
spawn which is commonly sold for 
growing these fungi in the home 
cellar is of this variety. 
The Field Mushroom, or Fairy Ring 
Closely allied in species, though 
not in appearance, is the field mush¬ 
room. The amateur will early be¬ 
come acquainted with this form and 
experience a peculiar thrill of satis¬ 
faction each time he discovers it. It 
is a dainty little creature varying in 
color from white to deep tan and 
is of a somewhat leathery appear¬ 
ance. In size it measures under 
rather than over 1" across the cap. 
It grows in fields and pastures 
throughout the summer—being espe¬ 
cially plentiful following a rain. 
Collectors know it by the name of 
“fairy ring,” since the plants some¬ 
times occur in the form of a ring 
or circle in the grass. It is not 
always that the full outline of the 
circle can be determined, but now 
and then this will be quite perfect. 
Sometimes the fairy ring makes 
its appearance in a well-kept lawn 
{Continued on page 82) 
