78 
House & Garden 
FISKE Tennis Court 
Enclosures and Back Stops 
Will improve both the appearance and 
playing quality of your tennis courts. 
Made of close mesh wire, with support¬ 
ing posts set in concrete, with sturdy 
pipe bracing and pipe top rails, all heav¬ 
ily galvanized by hot spelter process and 
therefore rustproof. Neat in appearance, 
always in alignment. 
Built in standard 8 and 10-foot heights— 
higher if desired. 
We will furnish blueprints and instruc¬ 
tions for erection or will undertake erec¬ 
tion complete. 
J. W. FISKE IRON WORKS 
Established 18.58 
ri RE-IMOV-ABLE 
SlEELFLAG POLES 
and Clothes Line Posts 
No holes to dig. Strong 
steel sockets driven. 
All high-carbon gal¬ 
vanized steel. Slip 
easily into sockets, 
removable in a mo¬ 
ment. l)on't dis¬ 
figure lawns, no 
decay, last life 
f time. 
Tennis Net 
Posts; Pack 
Stops; Pencti 
Po.sts on same*'~ 
principle. 
Ask clealer or 
^ write u.s for 
booklet II. 
A-- 
MILWAUKEE^ 
STEEL P0ST:3 
COMPANY^ 
Milwaukee, Wis. 
Smoky 
Fireplaces 
Made to 
No payment accepted 
unless successful. 
Also expert services 
on general chimney 
work 
FREDERIC N.WHITLEY 
M Engineer and Contractor 
I 219 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
SUN DIALS 
fa cl ured‘'V)v ''t H e"m ." D . 
JONES CO., 71 Port- 
land St.. Boston. Mass. 
sent upon request. 
HOWARD 
FRANCIS HOWARD Pres. 
4E.4IthSl., New York Cily tej l 
Benches, Pedestals. Fonts, Vases 
EXPERTS 
Send 50 rents for catalogue 
MARBLE STONE TERRA COTTA 
Putting the Farm on a War Footing 
{Continued from page 76) 
disposed of, if tlie task were under- work has been done in breeding and 
taken with military efficiency. in developing disease resisting varie- 
Bnlletins will not effect the change, ties. The photographs reproduced 
This is one thing we must realize, here tell their own story, one that to 
How long could an invaded nation the layman is almost incredible. Take, 
exist if its only defense consisted for instance, the case of asparagus, 
only of notices informing the individ- In large sections the growing of as- 
ual how to protect himself? paragus on a commercial scale had 
When the danger became acute, as to be practically given up for a num- 
in the case of the hoof and mouth her of years, until the final develop- 
disease or the brown-tailed moth, we ment of a “strain” or “variety” which 
organized and fought it collectively, was “commercially immune”—that is. 
Large areas in the South have within immune to such an extent that it could 
recent years been free of the dreaded be grown with practically no loss— 
cattle tick, making a progressive ani- made it possible to renew the industry 
mal husbandry possible for the first on the very fields that had been aban- 
time in generations. But this long doned. Soy beans, cow peas, cotton, 
desired result was not accomplished cabbage, potatoes, watermelons and 
until it was recognized that exhorting many other products have been 
the individual was not sufficient. worked with in the same way, with 
In the field of plant diseases, tre- almost complete success from the 
mendously important and interesting commercial standpoint. 
Early Italian Wall Furniture 
(Continued f 
preparatory gesso; gilding applied 
(with an underlying gesso base) to 
portions of carved relief without the 
accompaniment of other applied col¬ 
or, to contrast with the rest of the 
walnut ground; modeling in gesso, 
or rather building up a gesso base 
with repeated brush applications, 
over a crudely carved foundation, 
as a ground for subsequent poly¬ 
chrome and gilt enrichment; carving 
in bold relief, without any additional 
method of embellishment; flat or in¬ 
cised carving, for which consult Fig¬ 
ure 6; marqiieterie or inlay, and 
finally, paneling by means of applied 
mouldings. 
BuiLfaiNG Up the Color 
As a preparation for the color and 
gold, a coating of gesso was first 
spread over the surface to be treated, 
and often an additional red coat was 
laid on before the application, of gold 
leaf. It was an almost invariable 
practice to use one of these processes, 
and frequently both, before applying 
pigment or gold leaf. The practical 
advantages derived from this care¬ 
fully laid gesso coat were an abso¬ 
lutely smooth ground free from any 
flaw or grain or other unevenness in 
the wood, ease in burnishing the gold, 
and a glowing freshness of color im¬ 
possible of achievement in any other 
way. Tempera colors were used, and 
even today they retain their brilliance 
to a remarkable degree. 
The process of sgraffito work con¬ 
sisted of laying an unbroken coat of 
gold leaf or gold leaf plant over 
the foundation of gesso and red size. 
Over the continuous gold ground 
solid tempera color was next brushed 
on, and then finally the gold ara¬ 
besque design was revealed by scrap¬ 
ing or scratching away the last ap¬ 
plied layer of pigment with a wooden 
graver. Hence came the name sgraf¬ 
fito, or scratched. 
The Credenza 
Next to the cassone, one of the 
most typical and important pieces of 
wall furniture was the credenza 
(Figures 11 and 12), which has two, 
three or four doors in front and 
usually, though not invariably, con¬ 
tained shallow drawers, correspond¬ 
ing to the door divisions, just under 
or as a part of the cornice at the top. 
rom page 31) 
The credenza were about 4' to 4)4' 
high and of a proportional depth, and 
stood either upon a moulded plinth or 
upon feet. Their length varied great¬ 
ly. They also varied widely in the 
amount of ornamentation ; some were 
exceedingly ornate while others, 
especially towards the end of the 16th 
Century and in the 17th Century, 
were restrained and simple. All were 
dignified, and there is no piece of old 
Italian furniture from which we of 
today may learn a more profitable 
lesson. The credenza served in lieu 
of a sideboard and those who are 
fortunate enough to secure one now 
generally employ it in that capacity. 
Cupboards and Wardrobes 
A first cousin to the credenza is the 
console cupboard such as is shown 
in Figure 4. This is almost invariably 
of carved walnut, has a pair of doors 
in front with a drawer above them, 
stands on a moulded plinth and is 
about 3' high by 20" wide. Either 
singly or in pairs, these carved console 
cupboards or cabinets lend themselves 
agreeably to use in our modern in¬ 
teriors. Larger but closely akin to 
them are the cabinets in two stages 
with doors in each stage. They are 
broader than the consoles and of 
about twice their height (see Figure 
.H. Other cabinets larger still, with 
doors and drawers, were common and 
there were considerable variations not 
only in size and in some of the minor 
features of arrangement, but also in 
the manner and quantity of ornament 
applied. Nevertheless, the funda¬ 
mental bipartite division, lower and 
upper, remained unchanged. 
Writing C.-\bixets and Hangers 
Writing cabinets (Figures 1 and 
2), with drop fronts and numerous 
small drawers inside were made to be 
supported either on a table or on a 
stand especially constructed for the 
purpose. There were likewise other 
drop front writing cabinets or secre¬ 
taries having a solid cupboard base 
with doors. Both forms were of 
admirable lines and it is not difficult 
to trace their descendants in the cabi¬ 
net work of later centuries in England 
and in various Continental countries. 
The carved ornamentation was in 
general the same as that already 
noted in connection with the cassoni. 
I DEANE’S PATENT I 
I FRENCH RANGES I 
i for over half a 
= century have 
I maintained the 
i highest standards 
i in kitchen range 
i construc- 
I tion. They insure 
I uniformly depend- 
1 able service, a 
i long and useful 
I life, minimum re- 
I placement and 
I surprising e c o n- 
I omy in coal con- 
i sumption. They 
1 are your logical 
i choice when you 
I build or remodel 
= your home. Full 
i information sent 
I on request. 
Shown above = 
No. 209 Pat- I 
ent French = 
Range in = 
C 0 m b i n a- 1 
tion with Gas h 
R ange a n d g 
Broiler. = 
We also man- g 
u f acture g 
plate warm- g 
ers, broilers, = 
steel cook’s g 
tables, incin- g 
erators, laun- g 
dry ranges, = 
etc. g 
I Bramhall, Deane Company | 
I 261-265 West 36th St., NewYork | 
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54 in. lon^, 17 in. wide. 17 in. Iiigh 
$26.00 Delivered in U, S. A. 
I GENUINE INDIANA LIMESTONE i 
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I Garden Furniture! 
= Easton Studios, Bedford, Ind. = 
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Your New Home 
Will not bo complete until the grounds are 
tastefully planned and planted. Thousands 
of /Vnierican homes owe their exceptional 
beauty to Meehan Service. Let us help YOU. 
Write for our 1!)17 Hand Book. It outlines 
our service and methods. 
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS 
6740 Chew Street, Germantown, 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Transite Asbestos Shingles 
Fire •Proof and Everlasting 
Beautify Furniture 
PROTECT FLOORS and 
Floor Coverings from Injury 
by using 
Gl ass Onward Sliding 
Furniture Shoe 
J7i place of Castors. 
If your dealer will not sup¬ 
ply you write us 
ONWARD MFG. CO. 
Menasha, Wis. 
Kitchener, Ont. 
