Stopes and Fujii, The nutritive relations of the surrounding tissues etc. ff 
The protein grains have a very similar distribution, and in the 
general endosperm cells which were packed with starch grains. 
there were also almost as many large protein grains (see 
hg. 8, s.). At the time howeyer when the starch grains were 
disappearing from the egg cell, the large protein granules remained 
in it. In Ginkgo as with the Cycads, it is most unlikely that 
protein grains trayel as such from any of the surrounding cells into 
the egg, but are probably converted to some soluble simpler forms 
easier for transit by the action of Proteases 1 * * * ) and are re-deposited 
in the right place in a higher form for the immediate use of the 
growing egg or for temporary storage. 
Pin us. 
Between Pinus and the two groups just treated, the chief 
differences lie in the size of the oyule, which is relatiyely small in 
Pinus , and in the (perhaps consequent) yery different relations 
between the state of development of egg and ernbryo, and the date 
of deposition of nutritive substances. To describe in detail chiefly 
from work on P. Cembra, montana and sylvestris , we ünd the case 
is as follows. 
In very young ovules in which the archegonia were not present, 
starch was already deposited in considerable quantities in the tip 
of the nucellus, but was intirely absent from the endosperm tissues, 
in which however there was much sugar (glucose). After the first 
appearance of the archegonia, and all through their earlier stages 
this was also the case. The jacket cells of the arcliegonium are 
early differentiated and have extremely large nuclei, but no starch 
has beeil observed in them in any of these younger stages. 
In the next important stage (the nucleus being in the middle 
of the egg) the cytoplasm of the egg cell liad become very 
vacuolated with usual vacuoles, wliile it was still but little granulär. 
From ovules in such a stage of development in P. Cembra material 
was collected every 3 hours and examined in a fresli condition, and 
at the same time some was fixed immediately. At 6 a.m. there were 
considerable numbers of small starch grains lying scattered in the 
cytoplasm of the egg (cf. fig. 9). Some grains were still present at 
9 a.m., but in far fewer numbers, and by noon the cytoplasm of the 
egg was devoid of starch. In the afternoon the starch was observed 
at 3, 6 and 9 in small quantities. Quite similar results were 
obtained with P. sylvestris in ovules in a similar stage. At 1.30 
middav there was no starch in the egg cells, while at 6 p.m. there 
were many fairly big grains scattered all through its cytoplasm. 
This stage of development was passed over in a few days, and 
in P. sylvestris after 5 days the egg cytoplasm had become very 
granulär and large numbers of true “protein vacuoles’ 7 were present. 
1 ) Yines, S. H., „Tpvptophane in Proteolysis“. (Ann. of Botany. Vol. XVI. 
1902. p. 1 to 22.) ,.Proteolytic Enzymes in Plants“. (Ann. of Botany. Yol. XYII. 
1903. parts I and II.) „The Proteases of Plants". (Ann. of Botany. Yol. XVIII. 
1904. p. 289 to 616.) 
