22 Stop es and Fujii, The nutritive relations of the surrounding tissues etc. 
Summary. 
We may sum up the chief results of the above observations 
and considerations as follows: 
1. Even the delicate walls of the endosperm cells are pitted 
in much the same way as the wall between the egg cell and jacket 
layer of the endosperm. 
2. In addition to starch large numbers of protein granules are 
present in the endosperm cells of Ginkgo and Cycads of quite the 
same character and appearance to those in the egg cell. 
3. A final pit closing menibrane is present in each pit between 
the egg cell and jacket cells, and this membrane as well as the 
thickened portion of the pits of 2 nd and 3 rd Orders are perforated 
only by plasmodesmen. Thus any big open commnnication between 
egg cell and jacket cells is positively denied. 
4. In no case have any wandering nuclei of the jacket or 
endosperm cells been observed; and even after the development of 
the embryo bas already begun, the jacket cell nuclei retain there 
integrity. 
5. As it would he absurd to suggest that starch travels as 
grains from cell to cell, so it is pointed out to be equally absurd 
to say that the protein grains do this, either between two cells of 
the endosperm, between endosperm cell and jacket cell, or between 
jacket cell and egg cell. 
6. It is suggested that the jacket cells are glandular or 
secretory and render the storage food of the endosperm soluble 
and available for the developing egg. At the same -time their 
possible activity in the synthesis of food stuffs of higher eompounds 
from the supply of simpler forras is not to be disregarded. 
7. The fact that the jacket cells are less differentiated in some 
of the higher Gymnosperms than in the Cycads and Ginkgo may 
be corollated with the fact that in their ovules there is very little 
or no storage of solid food stuffs in the endosperm near the growing 
egg cell, the jacket cells have less work to do than in those 
(Cycads and Ginkgo ) where there is a large deposit of stored food 
round the undeveloped egg. 
8. The well developed jacket cells of the Gymnospermic 
prothallium are considered the phylogenetic homologues of the 
Angiospermic antipodals, and attention is drawn to the similar 
function performed by them and the active Antipodals of some 
Angiosperms described by Westermaier and otliers. 
9. Transitory small grained starch has been detected in the 
egg cells of Cycads, Ginkgo and Pinus and found in association 
with the protein grains ancl even in the nutritive vacuoles. 
