Stop es and Fujii, The nutritive relations of the surrounding tissues etc. 
3 
Coker 1 ) in bis work on Taxodium describecl fragmentation of 
tbe jacket cell nuclei and favoured Ikeno’s and Arnoldi’s views 
tbat tbe protein vacuoles appearing in tbe egg cell originate from 
tbeir substance wbicb passes in tbrougb tbe pitted egg cell wall. 
Co ult er and Cbamberlain 2 ) in tbeir recent book assume tbe 
proteid vacuoles to be nuclei. 
Smith 3 ) in Zamia floridana called tbe main pit filling cytoplasm 
on tbe side of tbe egg wbicb is very granulär „haustoria“ to wbicb 
slie ascribed pumping action and periods of accumulation, discharge, 
and exbaustion in tbe process of absorbing food. Stating bowever 
at the same time „No sieve plates or similar structures as described 
by Goroscbaukin were observed in any of tbe preparations“, sbe 
drew all her figures with tbe pits between tbe egg and jacket cells 
as simple broad open Communications. 
Stop es 4 ) figured simple closed pits in Zamia muricata\ and 
in tbe course of work on many species of Cycads found no case 
of tbe fragmentation or wandering of tbe nuclei of tbe jacket cells, 
but supported Hirase’s results for Ginkgo ratber than Ikeno’s 
for Cycas in regard to tbe protein granules in tbe egg. 
Ferguson 5 ) in her monograph on Pinus used tbe term 
“nutritive spberes” in place of “proteid vacuoles” and suggested 
tbe tbeory tbat tbe nucleoli of tbe jacket cells and egg cells bave 
somewhat tbe nature of plastids and manufacture “secondary 
nucleoli” wbicb “becorne cliffused tbrougbout tbe nucleus, from 
which tbey pass, probably in solution, into tbe egg cytoplasm. 
Here tbey are again differentiated, and by a gradual development 
give rise to tbe „proteid vacuoles“ or nutritive spberes of tbe 
oosphere”. In Mottier’s 6 ) summary of tbe wbole subject, be 
states tbe views of various authors, and questions tbe fact tbat 
„tbe material should pass over bodily into tbe egg cell“ as being 
„an extraordinary mode of passage of foodstuffs“. 
Treub’s 7 ) original figures of tbe tbickened membrane of tbe 
Cycad archegonia sbewing a closing membrane across simple pits 
between tbe egg and tbe jacket cells, and Groro schankin’s sieve- 
like Communications are in general overlooked by recent workers, 
witb tbe result tbat many consider tbat protein in solid or semi¬ 
solid form, or even complete nuclei, may enter tbe egg cell. On 
tbe other band, Ferguson failed to observe even tbe larger pits 
in Pinus and so favours tbe view tbat in tbis case only soluble 
- ■ - i 
*) Coker, W. C., „On the gametophytes and embrjm of Taxodium 
(Bot. Gaz. Vol. 36. 1903. p. 25.) 
2 ) Coulter, J. M., and Chamberlain, C. J., „llorph. of Spermato- 
phytes. Part I. Gymnosperms“. New York 1901. p. 22 and 88. 
3 ) Smith, I. S., „Nutrition of the egg in Zamia". (Bot. Gaz. Vol. 37. 
1904. p. 347.) 
4 ) Stop es, M. C., „Beitr. z. Kennt, d Fortpflanz, d. Cycadeen“. (Flora. 
Bd. 93 1904. p. 479. fig. 16.) 
5 ) Ferguson, M. 0., loc. cit. p. 104 and 107. 
6 ) Mottier, D. ]\L, „Fecundation in plants“. Washington 1904. see p. 44. 
7 ) Treub, M., „Becherches s. 1. Cycadees“. (Ann. d. Jard. d. Buitenzorg. 
Vol. IV. see figs. 7 and 8 pl. II.) 
1* 
