Holm, The geniis Carex in North-West America. 
23 
would, thus, appear as if our region represents on old geographical 
Center for some of the Stenocaiyae with the fundamental types still 
in existence. Besides these species four others occur, also, in 
America viz: C. petricosa (Alberta), C. (jijnodynama and luzulina 
(California) and C. juncea (North Carolina). 
Carices lamprochlaenae and elynanthae contain no species 
which may be considered as type of our region. 
Carices spkaeridi op h o r ae. 
Only a few species are represented in our region, but never- 
theless \ve meet here with the monostachyous C. scirpoidea of which 
the var. stenocJilaena is only known from here; furthermore the 
forniae centrales with C. verecunda and the more evolute C. glohosa, 
besides the peculiar C. Whitneyi of the desciscentes. Of these C. 
verecunda (C. inops Bail. non. Kze.) is a north-western type, while 
C. glohosa and WJiitneyi have, also, been observed farther South, 
in California. 
Carices trichocarpae, 
Of these C. Oregonensis is the only type peculiar to our 
region. The grex is altogether very scattered throughout the 
continent, some of the members being characteristic of California 
(C.hirtissi ma and Yosemitana), others of the Atlantic States (C.vestita, 
striata etc.^ or of Mexico (C. psüocarpa). Whether C. lanuginosa 
be a species distinct from C. filiformis or merely a variety (Jati- 
folia Bcklr.^ it is stränge to see the wide distribution on this con¬ 
tinent and its absence from the old world, where C. filiformis is 
not uncommon. Considering the fact that C. filiformis on this 
continent is accompanied by several near allies (C. Houghtonii, 
trichocarpa etc.^ and especially by C. lanuginosa it seems as if 
North America has been a very important center in regard to the 
distribution and development of this particular group of species. 
Carices hymenochlaenae. 
Only one of these may be looked upon as a type of our region: 
C. Krausei, which in several respects seems very closely allied to 
C, capiltaris. Another near ally is C. Williamsii, but very charac¬ 
teristic by its androgynous terminal spike and filiform leaves. The 
very peculiar C. amplifolia is a Western t\ pe, of which the geographi- 
cal center evidently lies within our region since it seems to be 
so very rare in California. 
Carices spirostachyae. 
The grex is altogether poorly represented in North America 
and contains no species peculiar to our region. The Californian 
C. aequa Clarke does not reach Washington or Oregon, and the 
formae desciscentes: C. squarrosa, typhina and stenolepis, so very 
characteristic of the eastern and Southern States, do not occur here. 
Carices ec hin o stach y ae. 
The species that occur in North-West America are, with the 
exception of C. microglochin, more frequent in the eastern States, 
and both C. microglochin and panciflora occur in the old world. 
