November, 1914 
HOUSE AND GARDEN 
323 
The Uses of Woodwork for 
Interior Decoration 
(Continued from page 283 ) 
“Fuming” is the best stain of all if a 
gray brown is desired, but impracticable 
for the standing woodwork of a room. It 
is used for the better Mission furniture, 
and gives the well-known color. Open ves¬ 
sels of ammonia are placed, with the wood 
to be stained, in a tightly closed room and 
remain for several hours until the wood is 
sufficiently dark. 
After the staining, if the wood be open¬ 
grained (oak, ash, chestnut or red-gum, 
for instance) it is filled with a pasty ma¬ 
terial, which is rubbed into the pores to 
make a dense, smooth surface for the var¬ 
nish or shellac following. The best fillers 
on the market are the Silex Fillers, made 
of finely ground quartz mixed with an oil, 
a varnish, a thinner and a drier. If the 
wood is stained the filler is usually stained 
to match, though a filler of a different 
color is sometimes most effective, such as 
the white filler used on gray oak picture- 
frames. The Liquid Fillers are not as 
effective as the Paste Fillers. 
Next in order is the varnishing. In 
good work several coats of varnish are ap¬ 
plied, each coat when dry, rubbed down 
lightly with fine sandpaper, the coat be¬ 
fore the last rubbed with curled hair. The 
last coat may either be left with its natural 
high glaze or given a “fiat finish” by being 
nibbed with crude oil and powdered pum¬ 
ice, afterward cleaned off with kerosene, 
and finally, if necessary, with alcohol; or 
else an “egg-shell gloss” by being rubbed 
with pumice and water, cleaned off with 
water. 
There are quantities of different var¬ 
nishes on the market, good and bad; each 
maker’s formulas are different from all the 
others, and there is no use in attempting to 
touch on their composition here. They are 
made for all sorts of conditions— Inside 
Varnish, Outside Varnish, Spar Varnish 
(for wood exposed severely to the 
weather), and so forth. There seems no 
way of detecting whether a varnish is good 
or poor, though the least smell of benzine 
is a bad sign; it should have only the odors 
of turpentine plus the sweet smell of the 
gums. There seems only one way to be 
sure of a good varnish; to see the name 
of a responsible maker on the unopened 
can! 
Now, all this varnishing and rubbing is 
expensive. There are cheaper ways of 
finishing the wood, though none of them 
are so good and lasting. There are “flat” 
varnishes on the market that give a dull 
final coat without rubbing (wax added to 
an ordinary varnish will have this effect, 
but will spoil the wearing qualities) ; filler 
and varnish may be both omitted and a 
floor-wax rubbed on the wood instead; it 
gives a beautiful finish, but the wax never 
hardens and may be dulled, rubbed off or 
featuring “Mbrsran” Interior Design M-59 
Can be made from any kind of wood 
Copyright 1914 Morgan 
T 
MORGAN DOORS 
HOSE Builders who have used “ Morgan ” Guaranteed 
Perfect Hardwood Doors have the satisfaction of know¬ 
ing that they have the Best That Money Can Buy. 
The Genuine carry our trademark “MORGAN” on the 
top-rail. It’s there for Your Protection. 
Shall we send you a copy of our FREE Sugges- v 
tion Book, “ THE DOOR BEAUTIFUL?” 
MORGAN SASH & DOOR CO., Dept. C-32, CHICAGO 
Factory: Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wis. Distributed by Morgan Millwork Co., Baltimore, Md. 
New York Office: Craftsman Bldg., No. 6 E. 39thiSt.,'.New York City Architects see Sweet’s Index, pages 972-973 
—Well Rotted Horse Manure- 
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LAWNS: Spread Dried, Ground Horse Manure over 
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If you make a new lawn this Fall — now is the time to 
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Put up in bags, 100 lbs. each. 
Write for Circular B and prices 
NEW YORK STABLE MANURE CO. 
r 273 Washington St., Jersey City, N. J. 
mm 
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In writing to advertisers please mention House & Garden. 
