62 
HOUSE & GARDEN 
Get Up Cosy Warm, with the Air 
Fresh and Live 
Dunham 
Radiator Trap 
Keeps in the 
warmth - giving 
vapor, but lets 
. out the heat-re- 
A ducing, coal- 
wasting air and 
Water. 
B 
Dunham Inlet Valve 
A single turn 
and the heat is 
on full blast . 
Gives complete 
heat control—as 
little or much 
as desired. 
Dunham Thermostat 
As ornamental 
and useful as a 
clock. Fits on 
the wall — con - 
nects electri- 
cally. Can beset 
so that the 
house will be at 
any desired 
temperature 
any hour • 
Dunham Damper 
Motor 
Operated by the 
Thermostat and 
Pressurestat . 
T~\ Automat ica 11 y 
opening and 
shutting off 
d r a u g ht sand 
damper doors as 
needed. 
Dunham 
Fressurestat 
Prevents waste 
E of coal. Auto¬ 
matically regu- 
la tes vapor pres¬ 
sure. 
This and greater luxury comes with 
the installation of a Dunham Heating 
System. It puts an end to dressing with 
teeth a-chatter—to getting up before the 
rest of the folks to shake down the fur 
nace—to awaken unrested with a dry 
throat or heavy eyes in a superheated 
room full of stale air. 
The Dunham Radiator Trap, Inle 
Valve, Thermostat, Pressurestat and 
Damper Motor (all patented features, 
explained in this advertisement) com 
bine to give you a long service, trouble- 
proof heating system and one that re¬ 
quires no attention other than feeding it 
coal. 
No pounding, knocking, hissing radia¬ 
tors. Your home or any room in it 
heated in almost no time. Any tempera¬ 
ture automatically produced at any par¬ 
ticular hour, day or night. 
Vapor h e at i n 
is a mechanical janitor. It never forgets 
when you forget. It is always on the 
job, even when you are away or asleep. 
With all these advantages it is not ex¬ 
pensive, and can be easily installed by 
any steam fitter. 
If you are building a new home or 
moving into another apartment, make 
sure that it is heated by the Dunham 
System. Any steam fitter can Dunham- 
ize your present heating system. 
Ask any Dunham office how the Dun¬ 
ham System can be installed or applied 
to your present system, or we will deem 
it a privilege to write regarding your 
particular heating needs. 
C. A. DUNHAM COMPANY 
Marshalltown, Iowa 
DIVISION SALES OFFICES: 
Chicago New York San Francisco 
BRANCHES: 
Portland, Me. Detroit Kansas City 
Boston Indianapolis Fort Worth 
Rochester Louisville Denver 
Philadelphia Milwaukee Cheyenne 
Washington, D. C. Minneapolis Salt Lake City 
Atlanta Davenport Spokane 
Pittsburgh Des Moines Portland 
Cleveland St. Louis Los Angeles 
C. A. Dunham Co., Ltd., Toronto, Canada. 
Branch Offices : Halifax, Montreal, Ot¬ 
tawa, Winnipeg, Vancouver. 
A GAR 
Instead of a Yard 
Surround your home with Nature's most 
beautiful gifts—flowering shrubs, peonies, 
and roses. It isn't at all expensive if you 
buy direct from us. We save you the 
middleman’s profit—giving you 
F 1 “Y„d"pi»X ul> * AT HALF PRICE 
If you are of a practical turn of mind, and wish your garden to pay for itself 
as well as be a pleasure to the eye, set out some small fruits, grapes, berries, etc. 
Send for this Big Free Book.—It will help you make selections of 
what to plant. Also tells you how to plant. Big list of special bar¬ 
gains. Send name on postal NOW. 
Box 252 RICH LAND NURSERIES Rochester, N. Y. 
DEN 
In setting the trees on the hillsides a homemade “leveler” 
was used to determine their exact locations 
Counting the Cost of Farming 
(Continued from page 41) 
were hilled in. By taking time, but 
using all available labor, the trees 
were all set by November 23. 
The hole for the tree is dug much 
larger than the roots. In the bottom 
of the hole is placed a mound of good 
top loam. Over this the roots of the 
tree are spread and forced down on 
the mound. More top soil is shov¬ 
eled into the hole and firmed with 
the feet. The graft of the little tree 
should be 1(4" below the surface of 
the soil. Manure should never be put 
in the hole with the roots. Any 
ground that is good enough to plant 
with trees should not need manure 
until the trees begin to bear, except 
what is secured from cover-crops, if 
wood growth is forced along too fast 
—by reason of overstimulation—the 
tree is harmed. 
Proper Protection 
When a tree is planted in the fall 
it must be wrapped in a tree protec¬ 
tor to keep mice, rabbits and wood¬ 
chucks from chewing the tender bark. 
This protector must reach to the 
ground, and up nearly as high as the 
first branches. It must be firmed into 
the ground with a shovel of earth. If 
the protector touches the lower 
branches the earth freezing will push 
it higher and rub the tree. 
These tree protectors can be made 
of strips of tar roofing, or they can 
be purchased by the dozen or hun¬ 
dred. One commercial tree protec¬ 
tor is made of thin sheets of wood 
about 8" wide by 24" long. These are 
so thin as to bend easily about the 
trunk of the tree. The part to bury 
in the ground is dipped in tar to pre¬ 
vent its rotting. After it is wrapped 
loosely about the tree, two pieces of 
wire or cord fasten it in place. These 
are inexpensive, but they cannot 
economically be used for more than 
one season, as the weather cracks the 
wood into strips, which would make 
the labor cost of putting it back on 
the tree, after it was removed in the 
spring, entirely too high. 
Roofing strips can be used several 
seasons if they are carefully re¬ 
moved from the trees and laid flat 
when stored. Roofing is more ex¬ 
pensive to cut and put on the tree, 
but our experience is that it is less 
inclined to bark the trees. 
Protectors should be put on in the 
fall, and remain until spring is well 
advanced. They cannot be left on the 
year around, because the trunks must 
be sprayed for scale insects even be¬ 
fore the leaves are out. At this time 
it is necessary to remove the protec¬ 
tors, and from then until fall con¬ 
stant watch must be kept to prevent 
vermin attacking the bark. Painting 
the trunks is a partial protection. 
White lead and oil is often used. It 
stays on the trunks well. If a little 
tar is added to the paint it is more 
protection. 
Another paint is made of a thick 
mixture of lime-sulphur, with a dash 
of Paris green or arsenate of lead. 
This was recommended to us by one 
of the State experts, who claims it 
to be a good stimulant for the young 
tree as well as a protection against 
pests. Earth should be removed 
from about the roots, and the paint 
applied an inch below the graft. This 
keeps borers from their underground 
work. The paint must reach to the 
lower branches. 
Newly set trees, planted in the fall, 
will freeze out of the ground unless 
the roots are protected. To accom¬ 
plish this protection each tree is 
hilled up. Earth is shoveled over the 
roots, up against the tree protector, 
for a foot deep, and spread out be¬ 
yond the roots. This earth mound 
also acts as a splendid protection 
against warm spells. January and 
February thaws sometimes rush buds 
out on trees, because the warm sun 
reaches the roots and starts the sap. 
This can never happen if a tree is 
hilled up in the fall. It is very im¬ 
portant that a fall-set tree should re¬ 
ceive this extra care, and we feel that 
our success with fall planting is due, 
largely, to this method. 
Pruning 
When trees are planted in the fall 
the roots are pruned as they are 
planted, care being taken to leave a 
fresh cut on every root, and to cut 
away all dead or injured roots. The 
top of a fall-planted tree should not 
be pruned until the following spring. 
If the top is pruned as the tree is set 
the branches are often winter killed, 
and so leave deformed trees. Some 
of our young trees were injured by 
February pruning. It is better to 
wait as long as possible in the spring, 
but the work should be done before 
the sap starts. Many persons say 
“prune any time,” hut a young, newly 
set tree is injured by any sap loss. 
The second and fourth orchards 
were set in the spring. The same 
methods of planting were used, but 
(Continued on page 64) 
