42 
House & Garden 
bages and tulips occupying especially promi¬ 
nent places among them. 
The Puritan nature is found expressed 
in the gardens of New England, and such 
designs as they followed were adaptations 
from the Dutch, though more often the 
little fenced-in front yards held only sim¬ 
ple square beds. The first mention we find 
of gardens for flowers was in 1629, but 
from the very beginning there was the use- 
The Puritan garden and its planting plan 
given on this page represent the spirit of 
an age tohich demanded utility as well as 
an intimate touch of beauty 
ful plot at the back, where lowly backdoor 
flowers, vegetables, fruits and simples 
shared in contributing necessities and com¬ 
forts to their caretakers. 
No -formula can be laid down for mak¬ 
ing an old-fashioned garden. Every type 
of house, be it Spanish, Georgian Colonial, 
Pennsylvania stone, Long Island Dutch, or 
New England square, has its special prob¬ 
lem, in the solution of which climate as 
well as architecture plays an important 
part that we must not overlook. 
The accompanying plans have not been 
prepared with the idea of reproducing a 
cut-and-dried “period” garden; they give 
(Continued on page 54) 
CjATI 
PLANTING LIST FOR THE FENCED-IN FRONT YARD 
Note: Only the part of Plan 2 between lines A-A is included here. 
SHRUBS AND VINES 
1. Cratsegus oxyacantha: English hawthorn, fragrant white flowers in May, red fruits. 
2. Prunus Japonica, flore pleno: double pink or white flowering almond. May. 
3. Syringa vulgaris: common purple lilac. May. 
4. Philadelphus coronarlus: mock orange, white, June. 
5. Symphoricarpos racemosus: snowberry; white fruits, always found. 
6. Splrsea prunifolia: Peter's wreath; white, upright bush. May. 
7. Old-fashioned roses 
A. Rosa rubiginosa: eglantine or sweet-briar, single pink flowers, tall thorny bush. 
B. Celestial rose: clear white, very sweet, loosely double. 
C. Perpetual rose: delicate blush, blooms continuously, upright bush. 
D. Tuscany rose: black-purple, fading to dark crimson. 
E. White Provence or cabbage rose. 
PERENNIALS AND ANNUALS 
8. Chieranthus Chieri: wallflower, dark red, cream color, yellow and brown. May. 
9. Peonies, pink and white as in list 2. 
10. Iris as in lists 1 and 2. 
11. Armeria maritima: thrift or sea gilliflower; pink. May. Dense foliage, useful for edgings. 
12. Various small plants for edgings to be put two or three of a kind. 
A. English daisy. 
B. Pansies. 
C. Johnny-Jump-Up. 
D. Annual candytuft seeded where space occurs. 
E. Scotch pinks, all around center bed and on corners. 
F. Sweet violets. 
G. Lily-of-the-valley. In shade under shrubs. 
H. Rosmarinus officinalis: rosemary. 
I. Thymus vulgaris: creeping thyme. 
J. Ruta graveolens: rue. 
K. Lavandula vera: sweet lavender. These herbs to be put in hit or miss with flowers. 
13. Valerian officinalis: garden heliotrope; pink, June. 
14. Dianthus barbatus: Sweet William; newer strains of pure white, dark red or pink are best. 
15. Digitalis purpurea: foxglove; white, purple, pink, June. 
Digitalis ambigua: great wooly foxglove, brown markings, June-July. 
Digitalis lanata: wooly foxglove, small cream, grayish or purple flowers, June-July. 
16. Campanula persicifolia: bell-flowers; white and blue, June. 
Campanula pyramidalis: chimney bell-flower; white and blue, July-August. 
17. Althjea rosea: hollyhock; single yellow, salmon and pink; massed against house; July. 
18. Delphinium ajacis: annual larkspur; blue, pink, white, all summer. 
Delphinium Chinensis: fine foliage, very deep blue flowers, July. 
Delphinium sulphureum: light yellow, half-shade. 
19. Aconitum Napellus as in lists 1 and 2. 
Aconitum Lycoctonum: pale yellow wolf’s bane or monkshood, July to September. 
20. Mathiola in can a: dwarf Virginia stocks; (annual) fill in where space occurs around edges. 
Tagetes patula: French marigolds; (annual) fill where space occurs. 
BULBS 
21. Small bulbs used for edgings where room can be found. 
A. Snowdrops, March and April. .. 
B. Crocus susianus: cloth-of-gold crocus, striped brown, March. 
C. Jonquils, bright yellow, fragrant. May. 
D. Grape hyacinths, blue and white. 
E. Scilla festalis (nutans) : Bluebell of England; drooping, bell-shaped; lavender, white 
or pink; tall stems; May-June. 
F. Scilia autumnalis: autumn squil, small starry rose flowers in clusters. July to Oct. 
22. Narcissus van Sion, double daffodil. May. 
Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus: trumpet daffodils. May. 23. Tulips as on other lists. 
24. Lilium candidum: madonna lily; white, late June or July. 25. Oleanders in tubs. 
PLANTING LIST FOR THE PURITAN GARDEN 
List No. 5 
On Flan 2. All except between lines A-A 
TREES 
1. Elm, to overhang shady lawn back of house. 
2. Lombardy poplars, accents at far corner of lot. 
3. Arborvitte, for winter color and contrast with fruit blossoms. 
FRUITS 
4. Peach. 
5. Plum; both placed where larger trees would shade beds too much. 
6. Pear, tall when old, where children can climb them. 
7. Cherry, near walk to grow tall and close in vista. 
8. Apricot; planted for flowers, for it may not fruit in cold climate. 
9. Apple, to overhang seat. 
10. Quince, bush cuts off view of garden from service portion. 
11. White mulberry, near birdhouse. 
12. Grapes: Salem and Catawba, red; Concord, blue; Niagara, white. 
13. Blackberries; shady side of fence, as they stand some shade. 
14. Raspberries. 15. Gooseberries. 
16. Currants; berry plot screens service entrance from garden. 17. Strawberries. 
18. Cory I us Americana: hazel-nut, near children's plot. 
SHRUBS AND ROSES 
19. Azalea Vaseyi: soft pink, April, shade. 
20. Box: (a) large, irregular specimens as accents on comers, and (b) old ragged dwarf 
edging box down center walk, collected from old place if possible. 
21. Berberis vulgaris: common barberry or pepperidge; for jelly, near kitchen. 
22. Syringa or mock orange, shade. 
23. Lonicera Morrowi: bush honeysuckle, pink flowers. May. red fruit. 
Lonicera fragrantisslma: very fragrant white flowers in April. 
24. Lilac, common purple and white, tall to close in center vista. 
25. Persian lilac, medium to tall. 
26. Flowering quince, common flaming red variety most old-fashioned. 
27. Flowering almond, double pink and white, short to medium. 
28. Flowering currant, center walk and front fence, medium to tall. 
29. Snowball, medium to tall. 
30. Cornelian cherry, along back fence in shade. For early flower. 
31. Smoke tree, closes in end of arbor. 
32. Tamar lx Gallica: tamarisk; small tree, feathery green with pink flowers. 
33. Roses as in other lists. 
A. Damask. 
B. Cinnamon. 
C. Provence, red and white. 
D. Scotch briar. E. Moss, red, white, pink. 
VINES 
34. Wistaria Chinensis: purple wistaria, trained to rustic cedar pole. 
35. Akebia quinata: five-fingered akebia; delicately twining vine, fine leaves and fragrant 
chocolate flowers. Not on lists but seen in old Salem gardens. 
36. Hululus lupulus: hop vine; (annual) good for immediate effect. 
37. Lonicera sempervirens : coral honeysuckle; not on oldest lists but unlike old ones, pur- 
cliaseable. Long scarlet flowers and thick glaucous leaves united at the base. 
HERBS 
38. Mentha piperita: peppermint; needs a boxed in bed or it spreads. 
Artemisia dracunculus: tarragon; useful for flavoring vinegar. 
Allium Schasnoprasum : chives; for salads and soups. 
Salvia officinalis: sage; for meats and dressing. 
Thymus vulgaris: creeping thyme; for flavoring. 
Lavendula vera: sweet lavender, for linens, not hardy north. 
Lippia citriodora: lemon verbena, for scenting linens; not hardy. 
Nepeta cataris: catnip or catmint; soothing drink, cats fond of it. 
VEGETABLES 
39. Cabbage used as a border in old gardens. 
40. Parsley used to edge vegetable beds, as it also is today. 
41. Rhubarb, an ornamental accent as well as useful vegetable. 
42. Asparagus, placed where the feathery plumes will frame the lawn. 
PERENNIALS 
43. Bleeding-heart at corners of cross-walk. 
44. Wild flowers in shade among ferns next lawn. Viola Canadensis and pul)3scens, tall 
white and yellow violets; foam flower, wild Sweet William, May-apple, Jack-in-tlie- 
pulpit, hepatica, spring beauty (Claytonia), trillium, etc. 
45. Pinks, as edge of one of the small walks. 
46. Primulas, large yellow, in masses down entire length of center walk. 
47. Lily-of-the-valley, in shade in front of shrubs. 
4S. Peonies, shady side of arbor next the lawn. 
49. Iris as in other lists; also Queen Emma, pale gray with gold spot. 
50. Funkia lancifolia: blue day lily; July to September; shady border. 
51. Ferns next house in shade. Maidenhair, hay-scented, cinnamon and ostrich are the best. 
52. Foxgloves back of ferns. 
53. Lemon lilies, accent in shade. 
54. Hollyhocks, bold masses at end of center walk, to frame seat. 
55. Phlox as in other lists; also pink Pink Beauty, Elizabeth Campbell, Selma, Rynstrom. 
56. Larkspur, as accent at end of cross-walk. 
BULBS 
57. Late tulips, not literally the old-fashioned varieties but the best soft colors: 
Clara Butt, Madame Krelage, Edmee, pink. 
Moonlight, Primrose Beauty, Retroflexa, yellcw. 
Dream, Crepuscule, Rev. Ewbank, lavender. 
Faust, La Tulipe Noire, dark maroon, etc., etc. 
58. Poet's narcissus, in shade bordering walk under arbor. 
59. Narcissus, large yellow trumpet, in sun front of grapes. 
60. Lilies as in other lists in front of grapes. 
ANNUALS 
Especially planned effects in soft colors down center walk in large beds. 
61. Orange marigolds, appropriate in bed near kitchen door. 
62. Cosmos, tall mass of feathery green to close in arbor. 
63. Shell pink annual asters; not on old lists but must be had for cutting. 
64. Love-in-a-Mist, delicate blue, with the pink asters. Seed in. 
65. Bachelor's buttons, called corn-flower or blue bonnets; with the poppies. 
66. Poppies, large double fringed white and pink. Also Shirley varieties; thin to 8". 
67. Annual larkspur, sky blue. 
68. Rose pink zinnias, pull up all other colors. Not on oldest lists. 
69. Snapdragon, lemon color. 
70. Stocks; soft pink, lavender, dark reddish purple, canary color. 
71. Calendulas, pale sulphur yellow. 
POTS 
72. Fuchsias, rose geranium, small pink fairy lilies (Zephyranthes rosea), Agapantlius lily 
(blue), oleanders, azaleas, etc. Standing in pots on edge of lawn. 
