CHINA ❖ GLASSWARE ❖ CANDLESTICKS ❖ PERCOLATORS ❖ CUTLERY ❖ FIRELESS COOKERS ❖ REFRIGERATORS 
62 
House & Garden 
SAMOVARS ❖ FIRELIGHTERS •> WOODENWARE 
This pair of Andirons is an exclusive Lewis & Conger design, 
taken from an old English door porter. Antique brass finish, 
12" high, price $24.00 the pair. 
I T may be an unusual pair of andirons 
to help you keep your house warm or 
a distinctive foot-scraper to help you 
keep it clean. But whatever it may be for 
which you are looking, there are compre¬ 
hensive stocks at Lewis & Conger’s to 
help you keep your house— well. 
Fireplace accessories, for instance, do not 
rest content with merely providing a 
place upon which to build the fire. They 
include every single article that you will 
need—from sturdy utility baskets in 
which to carry the logs to interesting 
brass roasters and toasters. 
It is with this same comprehensiveness 
that Lewis <k Conger offer kitchen and 
pantry equipment, articles for the dining 
room, for the living room, and for every 
room in the house—even to its very 
threshold, where you may require an in¬ 
teresting door knocker or a foot-scraper. 
May we send you a copy of the new 
catalog? 
45TH STREET & 6TH AVE., NEW YORK 
SCALES * HOUSEHOLD UTILITIES 
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White oak develops quite different figures depending on the 
direction in which it is cut. Two forms of the quarter-sawn 
are shown here 
The Decorative Value of Wood 
(Continued from page 60) 
cut to show prominent figure. In the 
former group the woods exhibit no con¬ 
trast in color or density, being uniformly 
plain throughout; but in the other the 
growth is conspicuously layered and a 
cross section exposes a characteristic 
“grain,” varying according to the angle 
of cutting. For example, a board cut 
from the middle of a Georgia pine log 
shows merely the edges of the light and 
dark layers in parallel lines. In the 
case of flooring such lumber is called 
edge-grained. Since the greatest num¬ 
ber of such boards can be secured by 
sawing the log into quarters and then 
taking the boards from first one side and 
then the other of these quarters, it is 
common to speak of radially-cut lumber 
as “quarter-sawn.” 
Methods of Cutting 
A common method of making lumber 
is to saw as many boards as possible 
from the outside of the log since the 
wood in this portion is freest from knots. 
Such lumber is said to be “flat-sawn” 
in the case of oak it is called “common 
oak”—to distinguish it from quartered or 
radially-cut material. 
Pine, fir, chestnut, ash 
and sometimes oak are 
sawn in this way for 
interior finish and have 
a much more conspicu¬ 
ous grain than when cut 
otherwise, except in the 
case of oak. Edge-grain 
woods of this kind are 
much the best for floor¬ 
ing as they will wear 
evenly without slivering. 
Maple, beech and birch 
flooring will give about 
the same wear no mat¬ 
ter how it is cut as 
these woods are very 
uniform in structure. 
Any wood that is in¬ 
clined to warp badly, 
for example gum and 
tupelo, will give better 
satisfaction if it is 
quarter-sawn. 
The flakes showing 
on quartered oak are 
thin sheets of tissue, the 
medullary rays, which 
extend from the bark 
into the wood for vary¬ 
ing depths. While all 
woods (with unimportant exceptions) 
have rays there are comparatively few 
where they are large enough to be showy 
and none in which they are as promi¬ 
nent as in oak. The oaks vary in this 
respect, the white oak having, the largest 
and most conspicuous rays. Quartered 
oak is by no means always the same in 
appearance, for in one case the whole 
ray may be exposed and in another only 
a portion, depending upon the angle of 
sawing. Large flake or “splash-figure” 
which is in special demand by the piano 
trade and for table tops shows the great¬ 
est amount of rays. When only the 
edges of the rays show, they may run at 
right angles to the dark lines of the 
grain, producing what is sometimes 
termed “zebra figure,” or diagonally, 
producing “herring-bone,” “blaze,” and 
“moonshine flake,” as the different pat¬ 
terns are occasionally designated. Syca¬ 
more has deep-colored rays which show 
prominently in quartered material and 
produce a figure which English fret- 
workers know as “lace wood.” Mahog¬ 
any, cherry, the so-called silk-oak of 
Australia and a number of other kinds 
have rays large enough 
to add attractiveness to 
radially-cut material. 
Veneers 
While some veneers 
are made by sawing or 
slicing off thin layers 
from one side of a tim¬ 
ber or block others are 
produced by turning a 
timber or a block 
against a sharp knife— 
rotary-cut veneers. 
Since a log is not a 
true cylinder and there 
are many local irregu¬ 
larities it follows that 
rotary veneers will show 
to the best advantage 
any figure due to dif¬ 
ferences in seasonal 
growths, since in a 
great many species the 
wood formed in the 
early growing season is 
lighter in color and 
density or different in 
structure from that 
formed in summer. 
(Continued on page 
64) 
Satinwood is notable for - 
the figure itself as well 
as its peculiar luster 
