150 
Simm ons, Kemarks about tlie Eelations of the Floras etc. 
Hawing been occupied witli other similar researclies I liave 
come to consider the question, if analogous features could be 
detected in the distribntion of tbe marine algae. A priori it 
should seem probable that tlie same cause — tlie advancing and 
afterwards again retreating glaciation — would liave tbe same 
effect in tbe case of tbe marine Hora as in that of tbe land- 
plants, but it must be remembered, that for instance a land- 
connection that could make a retreat possible for tbe Vegetation 
of a landdistrict, could easily cause tbe destruction of tbe inliabi- 
tants of tbe sea to tbe north by barring their way soutihwards. 
However it seems that tbe infLuence of tbe iceage bas been on 
tbe whole tbe same for tbe distribution of species as well in 
tbe sea as on tbe land, and I tbink that in tbe same measure 
as our knowledge of tbe flora of tbe different districts becomes 
more complete, similar causes and results sball appear in both 
cases. Tbe following only presumes to be a preliminary attempt 
to throw light upon some points of tlie problem, a complete 
treatment would require a rather great preparatory work, that 
I liave no occasion to undertake at present, notwitbstanding 
I should be very much inclined to do it later. 
It is tbe swedish arctic work that bas enabled us to gain 
a stricter knowledge of tbe flora at least of some parts of tbe 
Polar Sea, and Kjellman bas in bis fundamental work (30) 
treated as well all tbe rieb material brougbt honie by himself 
and others from different parts of tbe arctic regions visited by 
the swedish expeditions as also many otlier collections, and be 
bas likewise tried to make use of tbe statements of elder 
writers. But it is now more than twenty years since bis great 
work was published, otlier parts of tbe arctic regions liave been 
carefully explored, in many cases tbe limits of species liave 
been alternd, old statements, which Kjellman tbougbt right to 
adopt, bave become improbable in tbe light of ne wer investi- 
gations on both sides of tbe arctic circle. I tberefore feel 
justified in undertaking a revision of tbe list of species that 
ought to be counted as arctic. 1 ) I give it below (Table I); it 
is limited to tlie Phaeophycaee and BJiodophyceae on account 
of tbe highly uncertain synonymic of tlie others groups, 
wbicb makes all comparisons unprofitable, a fact already pointed 
out by several writers, as I bave quoted in a paper about a 
comparative investigation of tlie relation of tlie marine flora of 
tbe Faeroe Islands to tbe other nortbatlantic floras (38). As 
for the boundaries of tbe arctic regions, I do not tbink that anv 
part of tbe coast of Korway can riglitly be reckoned as arctic, 
as Kjellman also bas pointed out (30, p. 4) and furtbermore 
accentuated (30, p. 67) wben be says: 'On tbis account , tbe 
Korwegian Polar Sea ougbt not to be comprebended witbin 
b Wlieii I speak of arctic species, I always only will signify such as 
now live under arctic conditions. 
