Simmons, Remarks about the Relations of the Floras etc. 169 
nioides , doubtless are rather late immigrants from the Pacific, 
where they liave their principal area of distribution. 
A group of species that must be discussed in detail, is that 
of the endemic forms in the Polar Sea. Kjellman has 27 such 
species (30, p. 74—75), but about them it has come true to a 
great er degree than he has thought probable himself, what he 
says (30, p. 49): — — „it is thus certainly possible that some 
one or other of them, attention being now drawn to it, may 
prove to go southward — —AVlien such are withdrawn, 
together with the forms now not uplield as species, we should 
get only 8 or 9 arctic-endemic species. Still some new have 
been found, and consequently the list of such algae now contains 
the following 15: 
Ectocarpus pycnocarpus 
Kjellmania subcontinua 
Coelocladia arctica 
Myriocladi a callitrich a 
Maria grandifolia (?) 
— oblonga 
— elliptica 
Laminaria groenlandica 
— Agardhii. 
4f those species (9 per et. of the wliole arctic flora) should 
without restriction be standing for, the future as endemic in 
the arctic regions, this doubtless would give a momentous 
support to the opinion of Kjellman, that the arctic flora is old 
in its present area, but 1 think that, by submitting them to a 
thorough scrutiny, we will get a somewhat different view of 
them. Most of the species are hitherto only known from the 
original locality or a rather small area and will probably 
gradually be found to have a rnuch wider dispersion, as has 
already been tlie case with several of Kjellman's and 
Bosenvinge's new species, or to be nearly allied to species of 
Southern waters. Coelodadia arctica is the representative of a 
monotypic genus, the only one that is endemic in the arctic regions. 
Even if it is hardly restricted to the west coast of Greenland, 
there is nothing to be said about it at present. Kjellmania sub¬ 
continua and Myriocladia callitrich a have their nearest relatives 
in the northern Atlantic. Of the three Alarias one, A. grandi- 
folia , is found in the neighbourhood of the northatlantic area 
of dispersion of the genus and probably also grows within 
that district, the two others, seen only at one point near Bering 
Strait, probably will be found also in the northern Pacific, 
where the genus shows its greatest development and is represented 
by a considerable number of species, or at least these two may 
be regarded as immigrants from the Pacific, whicli have become 
differentiated after their transplantation to the Polar Sea. The 
two Laminarias seem to be bound to the arctic sea nearest to 
the Atlantic, where they have their relations. On the other 
Callymenia Schmitzii 
Turnerelia rosacea 
Bhodochorton intermedium 
— spetsbergense 
Petrocelis polygyna 
Lithoth amnion arcticum . 
