Warming Homes by Water 
is also shown which provides for a 
rotary circulation of air within the 
room itself (when the damper in the 
outside supply duct is shutoff). The 
air is drawn downward through the 
register, (near the wall,) passes over 
the heated surfaces and then up into 
the room through the register located 
over the box. This method takes a 
little more surface than the “direct 
radiator” method, but if the air sup¬ 
ply is to be taken from the outside 
during the extreme cold weather, 
from fifty to seventy-five per cent 
more surface is required because of 
Fig. B - A modern Water Boiler in square 
form (built in units and easily changed in 
size) broken away to show interior 
the necessity of counteracting the chill 
of the zero air. The outfit operates 
by a continuous circulation over and 
over through the hollow spaces of the 
boiler, the pipes and the hollow radi¬ 
ators—the water gathering heat at the 
boiler and throwing out the warmth at 
the radiators. 
"Fhe accompanying large engraving (Fig¬ 
ure A) is an ideal sketch opening up to 
view the inside of a part of a water warm¬ 
ing outfit. It shows boiler, one direct radi¬ 
ator, piping, etc., illustrating the extreme 
simplicity of the idea. It also shows the 
expansion tank located at the highest point 
for the purpose of permitting a small 
variation in the volume of the water 
caused by the influence of heat—expand¬ 
ing and contracting its bulk. This tank 
IS always open to the air so that there is 
no artificial pressure whatever. 
Mildness of warmth in the operation of 
this method is a distinguishing feature. The 
equable and genial character of the air in 
a dwelling warmed by water is notable. 
Fig. C - A modern 
“ direct” radiator 
RESIDENCE OF E. J. LOBDELL, GREENWICH, CONN. 
Warmed by Flot Water System 
1 he delightful condition 
of the air warmed by water 
radiators is due to the fact 
that no portion of a room 
thus warmed is overheated 
—the warming being accom¬ 
plished by the contact of the 
air with the exterior surfaces 
of the radiators which are 
heated by the water flowing 
through them. Properly 
planned and erected, (a 
water warming apparatus is 
capable of maintaining an 
atmosphere throughout a 
home as refreshing as the air 
of a morning in June. 
{To be continued in September issue) 
