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6° 
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The patio in the home of Henry IV. Schultz, Pasadena, Cal., is enclosed 
on one side by the house and its loggia, and on the other by a high wall. 
Elmer Gray, architect 
If You Are Going to Build 
{Continued from page 45) 
most a loggia, where one lived all summer 
long, practically under the shadow of the 
garden. And for years the porch, essen¬ 
tially an American institution, seemed to 
be our only adventure toward a greater 
intimacy with Nature. 
In those early days, though we planted 
quaint and lovely gardens, they knew us 
not, except as gardeners. New England 
flower borders shyly brightened the land¬ 
scape for eyes a little fearsome of such 
sweet beauty. But who of our great-great 
aunts ever thought of asking a guest to 
rest by the lilac hedge for an hour of 
peace and fragrant enjoyment, or to sit 
near the pink and lavender phlox plot 
dreaming in its midsummer fragrance, lis¬ 
tening to the faint flow of water from the 
little lead fountain? A friend occasion¬ 
ally was escorted with stately ceremony 
through the formal box-hedged paths, 
sniffing a leaf of lemon verbena or berga¬ 
mot but never loitering, never making 
free with nature. 
Not until the era of the porch did these 
pleasant social opportunities come about, 
and then not too swiftly or imprudently. 
Indeed, porch life is just beginning to see 
the light. Today we are building for it, 
even remodeling our houses for it. Gar¬ 
den life is getting into our consciousness. 
Pergolas, the loggia of the garden, are 
being considered architecturally, not al¬ 
ways wisely, not often very well; but find¬ 
ing favor with us and sometimes adding a 
rich grace to our landscape architecture. 
And at last from the Spanish southwest, 
the patio and the loggia have success¬ 
fully invaded the sensibilities of our 
finer architects—still a trifle exotic, a part 
of the magnificence of the Long Island 
hilltops, very stately and splendid detail. 
It is a rather startling fact that here in 
America, where we have so much nature, 
we use so little of it. Many of us are curi¬ 
ously self-conscious out-of-doors. Unless 
we are driving a ball over a net or into a 
hole or are nervously exceeding the speed 
limit, we are still shy a bit of nature. 
If we think back centuries, ten or 
more, we find outdoor living very popular 
indeed. Patios and loggias were an in¬ 
trinsic part of the home life in Arabia. 
Practically all the life that women had 
was lived close to those inner courts, 
reached by corridors protected by great 
wrought iron doors and grilles. Veiled 
women sat on the little balconies that ran 
round these courts, and magnificently 
carved stone grilles protected them from 
too close a glimpse of the men who 
thronged in and out of the space below. 
In Greece, the patio was in the very 
center of the house as it is today in 
Mexico. Even in Rome in the magnificent 
days, domestic life drifted in and out of 
the patio. It was the Arabs who, carrying 
their civilization into Spain at the point 
of the bayonet, built houses there with 
open courts. One of the greatest legacies 
which they left Spain was their magnifi¬ 
cent Saracenic architecture, their great 
palaces and homes in Castile, Aragon, 
Andalusia and Valenca! The Spaniards 
in their subsequent building, succumbed 
to this influence. The humble as well as 
stately Spanish feminine existence was 
lived in these patios, sometimes most 
beautifully planted and gorgeously orna¬ 
mented. So wide-spread was the develop¬ 
ment of the patio in Spain and Portugal 
that its origin was almost forgotten, and 
today we think of this indoor court as 
Spanish rather than Arabian, Greek or 
Roman. It was, of course, through Spain 
that the patio found its way into Ameri¬ 
can architecture, with the help of the 
Conquestidoros and the Padres, who 
brought architecture as well as religion 
with the sword to the Pacific coast. 
Always the Spanish patio is set like a 
jewel in the heart of a house, usually 
running up through the roof with an 
entrance leading directly from the road. 
The balcony gracefully circling the second 
story and the patio itself are usually sup¬ 
ported with the old curved Moorish arch, 
sometimes beautifully carved, sometimes 
of simple plaster instead of marble. In 
the center of the patio is often a foun¬ 
tain or at least a little pool, and the 
planting is rich and tropical. In the 
southwest, eucalyptus trees, orange hedges 
and vining roses, in Andalusia, carnations, 
heliotrope and mammoth palms. 
Today both the patio and the loggia are 
rather magnificently incorporated into our 
finest architectural schemes. In the East, 
at least, the loggia is more often used as a 
sun porch or a hallway for a great stair¬ 
case. It has become a splendid architec¬ 
tural detail rather than a living spot in 
the house, and furnishes an opportunity 
for beautiful arches, for fine planting, 
rather than a place where afternoon tea is 
served or the family gathers with guests to 
enjoy outdoor life. This is not true in the 
more beautiful of the Pacific coast houses. 
The architects there seem to think of the 
loggia in relation to daily life, as in medi¬ 
aeval days the cloister opened the house 
to the garden, a living place in which 
people thought and remembered, and 
often conversed or rested. 
