110 
House & Garden 
To Make a Plain Home Beautiful 
C ONCRETE and stucco homes that show 
the unkind touch of time need Bay 
State. For Bay State will make them 
beautiful. 
This master coating definitely checks the 
advance of age. For in beautifying your 
home, it protects it. Bay State is more 
than a surface coating. It creeps into every 
pore and becomes a part of the wall it covers. 
It lasts for years. 
Bay State waterproofs all houses of brick, 
cement and stucco. The heaviest rain can¬ 
not beat through a Bay State coated wall. 
Dampness will not seep in. 
Neither wind nor weather can mar the 
soft, beautiful finish of Bay State—a finish 
that does not change the distinctiveness of 
cement or stucco, but adds to it. 
New homes of stucco or cement are not 
complete until Bay State has been applied. 
For Bay State transforms the drab mottled 
color to a pure rich white, or one of many 
beautiful tints. 
We shall be glad to send you samples of 
Bay State Brick and Cement Coating—your 
choice of white or a complete range of colors. 
Booklet No. 2 shows many homes made 
beautiful with Bay State. Write for samples 
and booklet today. And when you buy Bay 
State, insist on getting the original. Order 
by name —Bay State. 
WADSWORTH, HOWLAND & CO., Inc. 
Paint and Varnish Makers 
BOSTON, MASS. 
Branch Stores in all Principal Cities 
New York Office 
211-219 FORTY SEVENTH ST., BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
Philadelphia Office 
1524 CHESTNUT STREET 
Southern Office 
GREENVILLE, S. C. 
THE BAY STATER 
BAYSTATE 
Brick and Cement Coating 
HEATING THE HOUSE 
H OT or tempered air in our homes back again into the boiler where it is 
is the theme. How the air in our again heated and takes another “rise”, 
homes is kept pleasantly warm in and so it circulates through its system, 
cold weather and not too hot. This is Therefore, in all heating systems there 
the duty of the heating plant. are two main divisions: the generation 
Not wishing to compete with heat- part or boiler and the circulation part 
ing engineers, we shall not drag you or piping, throughout the house. Both 
through technical descriptions of pipes parts must be perfect to insure perfec- 
and valves, but simply tell you what tion of heating. The first part depend- 
you must demand in a heating installa- ent on many factors, the second on a 
tion. There are several kinds of systems few more. In the hot water system an 
to be considered. expansion tank is always placed at top 
First: Hot air or furnace heating. In of house to take care of the overflow, 
this system the furnace heats the air and The boiler must make every pound 
it rises through a register in the floor of coal do its best; it should respond 
or wall of the room. According to J. rapidly to climatic changes; it must be 
Byers Holbrook, the distinguished heat- easily fueled, shaken, regulated and 
ing engineer, this type of heating tarn- cleaned. It must keep free from repairs, 
ishes silver; your book bindings crack rust and leaks, of water, heat or gas. 
and your lungs are either made immune Save coal? Yes. But economy in 
to poison or function in spite of the rich coal means getting out of every pound 
air reaching them. The pipeless heating the maximum of heat. When you buy 
system which works on this principle, coal ask what its fuel value is. It ought 
and is the simplest form of hot air heat- to be about 12,500 to 14,500 B.T.U.— 
er, delivers its heat through one register, that is, it takes to raise 1 lb. of water 1° 
usually placed in the hall. Where all Fahrenheit, 1 British thermal unit of 
the rooms do not open on the hall, there heat. The B.T.U. is the way to measure 
is apt to be an unequal distribution of heat units, just as a yard is the way you 
heat. measure goods for a dress. 
Second: Steam heat. This is an excel- The best type of boiler for the home 
lect system well adapted to large resi- is the sectional cast iron. In this the 
dences and buildings, hotels, institutions water is run through the sections which 
and business houses. present a large number of surfaces of 
Third: Vacuum and vapor. The water to the heat, 
steam circulates through the system at The fuel portion of the furnace must 
practically atmospheric or greatly re- be deep, to insure at least eight hours 
duced pressure. Vapor heating is used of heat. In the morning your house 
in residences, vacuum heating mostly in will be warm and some coal will be left 
large buildings. to be joined to the next supply. A deep 
Fourth: Hot water, which is probably fuel box leaves no interim of coolness, 
best for household purposes. Find out the rating of your boiler. 
As we have inferred, there is such a If its capacity only assures you six 
person as the heating engineer. He it hours of heating, you must not ex- 
is who can tell you to an iota how much pect it to do eight or ten. Only in the 
heating surface you have to heat in your best makes do the ratings have much 
home. He it is who can subtract and weight. On the other hand, your own 
add footage and finally tell you whether experience can tell approximately. But 
you must heat 4400' or 3000'. When buy the boiler you don’t have to force, 
you know this, you can more readily Forcing a boiler adds to your coal bill, 
order the boiler which is best adapted Your boiler's capacity should be a lit- 
to heat such a surface. tie beyond what you actually need. It 
For example, suppose you add a con- should be able to maintain 70° in zero 
servatory to one end of a living room, weather. 
Your heating engineer could tell you— Rapid water heating is essential, that 
due to the glass surface—how much is water-ways should be thin enough to 
more heat is required for this room, heat water rapidly. The quality and 
Glass windows add to the heat units re- position of heating surface must not 
quired. permit wasted heat. Sixty-five per cent 
Computing heating areas is not easy, of the heating surface should be in 
because the shapes of rooms, kinds and direct contact with the heat; 35 per cent 
varieties and areas of walls and door in flue surface. Response to your damp- 
openings come into the problem, to say ers will show you if you have 65 per 
nothing of badly fitted windows and cent of your heating surface in direct 
doors that permit draughts. contact with the flame. 
Usually the householder isn’t asked Operating must be as easy “as pie”, 
about her heating plant at all. The Grates should be easily pivoted and 
contractor, architect and builder fix it balanced. The arrangement must pre- 
all up. But—we don’t hold with this, vent all accidental dumpings of fuel into 
You have to live with your heating the fire pot. 
plant, they do not—and it’s pretty much One boiler employs a damper rod run- 
on your head that the discomfort falls, ning to the front which enables the care- 
Were we building we would be quite taker to open and close the smoke 
intimate with the heating end of the damper rapidly when building a fire, 
house. After your plans are decided up- thus preventing gas or smoke leakage 
on, call on a heating engineer for a few when the door is open, 
suggestions, and then go to your con- Feed doors should be wide mouthed, 
tractor and see where he is to buy your enough to accommodate a shovel of 
boiler and what type. Then tell him coal comfortably. The ash pit must be 
what is required of your boiler. These big enough to hold ashes away from 
desirable features, necessary for your the grates. 
winter of content, are listed below. Sectional construction is desirable. 
Steam heat heats by means of circu- These sections make it possible to en- 
lating steam through pipes to radiators, large a boiler; to move a boiler into a 
This is effected by a one-pipe system house without tearing down the house, 
sometimes, or a two-pipe. In the for- The parts must be easily cleaned, 
mer, the steam ascending from the boiler The surfaces can be so made that soot 
in the pipe and condensing into water peels off. A quarter inch soot deposit 
falls back into the boiler in the same will require 50% more coal. Boilers 
pipe. In the two-pipe system the steam should also have conveniently placed 
ascends in one and returns in the other, doors into which cleaners can have ac- 
The one-pipe system, of course, is cess. If cleaning is easy, it will be done, 
cheaper, but takes skill in setting as the otherwise it will not. 
angle of the pipe must be perfection. All connections must be water-tight, 
Hot water heating circulates hot wa- steam-tight and gas-tight. There should 
ter through pipes to radiators. The be no packed or gasket joints made of 
heated water, being lighter, rises, and rubber, asbestos, paper or other washers 
as it cools in giving off its heat, it falls (Continued on page 112) 
