no 
House & Garden 
The 
Richmond 
Pattern 
STERLING SILVER 
As Graceful 
as a Minuet 
The courtly grace of old Virginia 
is reflected in the Richmond Pat¬ 
tern—that rare charm which comes 
from the happy union of dignity 
and daintiness. 
Here is a design one will never 
tire of—a gift worthy of the solid 
silver of which it is made. 
There is an assortment of silver¬ 
ware in the Richmond Pattern on 
sale at leading jewelers throughout 
the country. 
Will you not send for our little 
booklet that pictures other articles 
in this exquisite design? 
Also makers oj Alvin Long-Li/e Plate 
ALVIN SILVER COMPANY 
20 MAIDEN LANE, NEW YORK 
Cold Meat Fork 
SOLID SILVER 
(STERLING) 
If You Are Going To Build 
(Continued from page 66) 
the neighborhood that have more win¬ 
dow space than walls, and see how much 
less interesting and attractive they 
are than those which are fenestrated 
with greater discretion. Then see the 
difference on the inside and judge the 
comparative lightness and airiness. 
The chances are that you will find the 
house with fewer and smaller windows, 
if window shades are used intelli¬ 
gently, to be just as pleasant in every 
way as the one with the greater ex¬ 
panse of glass. 
Generally speaking, there is very 
little choice between the double-hung- 
sash and the casement types in matters 
of comparative beauty and convenience, 
granting that both are well made and 
properly installed. It is more a 
question of taste. The double-hung- 
sash has a certain dignity, the casement 
a certain picturesqueness. For ex¬ 
ample, there is stateliness about a 
house or room done in the Georgian 
manner, or in any classic derivative, 
which suggests the use of a flat, sliding 
window, just as there is a liveliness in 
the English vernacular styles, a roman¬ 
tic aspect to Tudor rooms, and a 
quaintness about our own farmhouse 
types of interiors and exteriors, for 
which the flare and variety of the case¬ 
ment seem best suited. 
There are certain things which are 
perhaps more easily handled in con¬ 
nection with double-hung-sash windows, 
than with casements. There are out¬ 
side shutters, for instance. They cannot 
be combined well with casements, es¬ 
pecially if the casements open out; nor 
are shutters, as a matter of fact, a tradi¬ 
tional or conventional accompaniment 
to architectural styles that suggest the 
use of these hinged windows. On the 
other hand they can be used conve¬ 
niently with double-hung windows. 
Screens have been heretofore a somewhat 
annoying factor when used with case¬ 
ments, especially when the casements 
I open out—-and casements, for many 
reasons, should open out; but the 
difficulties in this direction have been 
eliminated to a great extent by the use 
of screens that roll down from the top 
of the window frame, by casement ad¬ 
justing arms that work through the 
sill, and by screen sash that are 
hinged to the inside frame. 
When you come to examine the 
various sorts of windows made in 
stock sizes and patterns, many of 
which are beautifully designed and ex¬ 
ecuted as well as reasonably priced, 
you will find a bewildering array. 
There are casement windows that open 
out and open in; that swing from the 
top or from the side; ones with sash 
and frame of steel or of wood; win¬ 
dows with a single sash or with as 
many as eight or more; with rectangu¬ 
lar, diamond-shaped, or irregular, 
leaded panes, or 'with the familiar 
wooden mullions. In short, there is 
a kind to suit almost any taste or 
purse. In double-hung windows there 
is the ordinary type in most general 
use on which have been worked a 
number of interesting variations tend¬ 
ing toward greater efficiency in clean¬ 
ing (a sometimes provoking feature 
of the double-hung sash) and venti¬ 
lating. Certain sashes of this type are 
designed to slide completely into an 
added upper part of the window frame, 
thus making it possible to get a full 
opening, instead of a half opening, 
and the subsequent 100% ventilation. 
Others are designed to swing in at 
certain positions on taking off a re¬ 
movable guide strip, thus giving access 
to the outside of the sash on cleaning 
: days and avoiding an extremely awk¬ 
ward and, at times, hair-raising 
operation. 
In considering the window’s first 
task: that of letting in daylight, there 
is a chance to use some discretion. 
The thought of a room flooded with 
sunlight is a pleasant one, but the 
actuality is apt to seem a little glaring 
at times; for too much direct light, 
especially from above the level of the 
eye, can be very trying. That is why 
comparatively low windows in rooms 
with a sunny exposure are a wise pre¬ 
caution. Large high windows should 
be teft for rooms that face the north, 
or for rooms that are shaded from 
without. 
The color and intensity of the light 
that comes through the window is con¬ 
trolled by curtains and hangings. In 
other words, the side draperies are used 
primarily to frame and soften the 
light, and the sash curtains to diffuse 
and color it. But, where a window 
has been given a pleasing architectur¬ 
al trim, or where this trim is an es¬ 
sential part of the architecture of the 
room, it is wrong to swathe the win¬ 
dows in draperies that hide the trim. 
When it comes to the part windows 
play in ventilating the room we can¬ 
not be too exacting in our requirements. 
During the warmest weather when we 
want all the air we can possibly get, 
those windows which open completely 
will be a great comfort. Casement 
windows do this, as do the type of 
double-hung window whose sashes dis¬ 
appear altogether when desired into a 
compartment above the frame itself. 
A direct draft is an almost impossible 
thing to avoid unless some sort of 
patent deflector is used on the sill, or 
unless multiple casement is used, with 
an upper row of small sash swinging 
in on a bottom hinge or out from a 
top hinge, through which the air 
blowing in will be spread at the source. 
A lot can be said for the quality of 
the view seen through a window that 
is in itself an attractive and appropri¬ 
ate frame. When the sight from a hill¬ 
top window takes in a vast expanse of 
valley we will want the window with 
this overlook to be broad and long, 
rather than tall and narrow; just as 
we should want a small window when 
it is desired to pin the attention on 
some particularly attractive object near 
at hand. And we must feel no hesita¬ 
tion about using small panes in our 
window sash for fear of destroying 
the view, because this is precisely what 
mullioned and leaded panes do not do. 
On the contrary they add interest and 
beauty to the extent that they are in¬ 
teresting and beautiful themselves. 
The treatment of the inside trim 
about the window is something to be 
considered with fine regard for the 
character of the roof and for the type 
of sash. The length to which this 
part of window decoration may go is 
illustrated in the absolute lack of any 
trim whatsoever in the interesting 
small casement shown on the first page 
of this article, as contrasted with the 
rich elaborateness of the pilasters, arch, 
and cornice of the Colonial example 
opposite. 
This difference in trim treatment is 
due to the totally different mechanism 
in the two types. The frame of the 
double-hung window must enclose 
sash weights, rope, and pulleys; while 
that of the casement need carry only 
the hinges on which its sash are hung. 
Thus the trim of the former must 
necessarily assume some importance, 
while that of the latter may be as in¬ 
conspicuous as the designer cares to 
make it. 
