HOUSE AND GARDEN 
April, iqi4 
279 
Under the bark of apple trees is the Flat Headed Borer. A 
sharp knife will disclose his burrows 
mass two or three hun¬ 
dred small, hairy cater- 
The Round Headed Borer works near the base pillars are ready to 
of the trunk and usually he leaves a trail of r , 
sawdust come forth as soon as 
spring is under way. 
There is no need to wait until the colonies have made their tents 
in the forks of the trees. A dose of arsenate of lead before the 
blossoms open will finish the young worms. 
The Woolly Aphis gives almost invariable warning of its pres¬ 
ence in peculiar enlargements of the twigs, especially where side 
buds start. Often these enlargements crack open, and sometimes 
the bluish, dead body of an aphid will be found in the crevices. It 
was the feeding of summer colonies that caused the swellings. 
This was injurious, of course, but the real damage was done by 
similar colonies then and now on the roots. Old trees usuallv 
seem able to withstand 
this pest. On young trees 
it will be a wise precau¬ 
tion to draw away the 
earth from around the 
crown of the tree, down 
to the first roots and out 
for a foot or two, and ap¬ 
ply two or three pounds 
of tobacco dust, replacing 
the soil afterward. 
There is a group of 
case-makers that follow 
the fashion of spending 
the dormant season in lit¬ 
tle silken hibernacula, at¬ 
tached here and there to 
twigs or branches. The 
Bud Moth does this. So 
does the Leaf Grumpier. 
The home of the latter 
is a small, horn-shaped 
tube, half an inch long 
and about the color of the 
bark. That of the former is still smaller. Two others with similar 
habits are the Cigar Case-Bearer and the Pistol Case-Bearer. 
Tear open any of these silk shelters and you will find within a 
naked worm. Tf you discover them in numbers, spray the orchard 
with a poison when the buds begin to break, and don't postpone 
it, for you can’t get at them later. 
Tiny round holes through the bark betray the 
Shot Hole Borer. A dead limb or a 
decrepit tree is its favorite breeding place 
There is always tell-tale gum where the Peach 
Borer is at work. Probing for the,grubs with 
a wire is an effective cure 
Twig, branch o r 
trunk is the chosen 
place of the scale in¬ 
sects. Whatever the 
species, they occur 
closely attached to the bark, in greatest numbers, as a rule, wher¬ 
ever the bark is thin and tender. Now is the time to look for 
them. 
The Oyster Shell Scale is well described by its name. It is 
large enough to be seen distinctly without any lens. Repeated 
spraying each spring with lime-sulphur will control it. If you 
desire to finish up the job in one season, use kerosene emulsion, 
applied when the young scales are found crawling over the bark, 
which will be when warm and fairly settled weather is at hand. 
San Jose scale is one of the most difficult to detect, because it 
is so small and so closely 
matches the color of the 
surface on which it rests. 
It is round and flat. If 
one uses a hand lens one 
will see that there is a de¬ 
pression in the middle of 
it, in the center of which 
there is a distinct, raised 
point. Lime-sulphur is 
the best remedy, to be ap¬ 
plied when the buds are 
just beginning to swell. 
There are many other 
species of scales. Most of 
them are not easy to iden¬ 
tify. When a strange one 
is found, send a sample 
twig to your State experi¬ 
ment station or to the Bu¬ 
reau of 
Washington. 
Curious affairs are the 
egg-masses of the Tus¬ 
sock Moths. Invariably the eggs occur on the top of the dark, 
gray cocoon from which the female moth emerges. Wingless, de¬ 
generate, her activity carried her no farther than the roof of the 
house in which she was born. But the caterpillars that will hatch 
from these eggs, tufted and penciled fellows, will be spry enough 
(Continued on page 300) 
The Shot Hole Borer runs his characteristic 
galleries underneath the bark. To check it 
burn or amputate the dead wood in the 
Spring 
Entomology at 
