May, 1914 
HOUSE AND GARDEN 
405 
evergreen boughs may be used to hold it 
in place. In places where the winters are 
exceptionally severe it is necessary to tie 
the individual plants up with straw. 
The pruning of the bushes is another 
important matter. 1 o follow this task 
through the year, let us start with set¬ 
ting out the plants. Strong pot-grown 
plants may be set out as they are. Dor¬ 
mant stock, however, should be cut back 
two-thirds or so, leaving only three or 
four eyes to each cane. After the plants 
bloom the canes should be shortened 
back a little, not over a third. (If the 
blooms have been cut close with long 
stems this may not be necessary.) In 
autumn, after "the leaves drop, any long 
branches or tall canes likely to whip 
about in the wind or in the way for put¬ 
ting on the winter mulch, should be 
trimmed back a third or so. Then in 
spring, as soon as the buds begin to swell, 
the most important pruning of the year 
is given. The hybrid perpetuals are 
pruned from late March to mid-April; 
the hybrid teas and teas from mid-April 
to May. 
The severity of the pruning will de¬ 
pend both upon the type of plant and the 
purpose for which you want the flowers. 
First of all, cut out all dead, injured and 
crowding canes and any that have been 
winter killed back to live wood. Then, 
for the largest flowers, cut each cane 
back to three or four eyes; for more 
flowers, but of medium size, cut back to 
six or seven eyes; and for the most bril¬ 
liant display, but flowers not so fine for 
cutting, merely trim back a third or so, 
and stake up loosely any varieties which 
seem to require it. This is the treatment 
for hybrid perpetuals; with the teas and 
hybrid teas about twice as many eyes 
should be left. Some varieties in all three 
classes are weaker growing than others, 
and these should be pruned back more 
severely than the stronger-growing sorts. 
In pruning, always cut above an outside 
eye. This keeps the bushes growing in 
an open, spreading form, resulting in 
better foliage and better flowers. 
The garden roses, which we have been 
considering, are the most important group. 
But the others should not be neglected. 
There is a comparatively new type, not yet 
widely known. But I believe that within 
a few years it will rival the “ramblers” in 
popularity. I refer to the large-flowered, 
hardy climbers such as Christine Wright 
Dr. W. Van Fleet and Climbing Ameri¬ 
can Beauty, which have, along with the 
constitution of the old hardy climbers, 
the glorious flowers, the ever-blooming 
tendency, and to some extent the fra¬ 
grance of the beautiful garden roses. 
What this class, as it becomes further de¬ 
veloped, is going to mean to the lovers 
of roses who have too little room and 
time to enjoy a regular rose garden, may 
readily be imagined. The plants require 
comparatively less care than the garden 
sorts. As they are usually not set in 
beds, but against a wall or trellis, no 
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