IIII1IM 
94 
House & Garden 
•y&ttaf 'for' 
<Sugges tiore jPo/c/er 1 
“ WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT 
McHUGH FURNITURE” 
—that it is thoroughly expressive in design, 
whether original or reminiscent. 
—that its construction has a!! the honesty and 
soundness of oldtime craftsmanship. 
—that its finishes are applied.by artisans,not painters 
JOSEPH P.M'HUGHsSON 
JNCO£poeAT£X> ** 
ESTABLISHED 167S 9 W£5T42^UT.AiEWY0RKCITY 
<1^ Feraghan study 
IVoven entirely in one piece from the best wool yarn 
It was not genius alone 
that made Bengal-Oriental rugs possible. There were other things 
— a thorough knowledge of weaving — an instinct for color 
harmonies—plus twenty years of tireless effort to make them 
counterparts of the Oriental rugs which were their inspiration. 
BeitGAL-ORieftTAL RUGS 
REPRODUCTIONS 
Each rug a delightful bit of design and coloring—Oriental art reproduced in 
all its varying details. The practical side also played an important part in their 
evolution, for, being woven from the best wool yarn obtainable, they are made 
to resist hard wear. Bengal-Oriental rugs are sold at so much less than the 
Oriental studies from which they were made that they cannot fail to command 
your attention and interest. 
Portfolio of color plates sent upon request. These plates are 
made from original photographs by Underwood & Underwood, 
and being 11 t 14 inches in size give an exceptionally accurate 
idea of both design and color harmonies. 
Bengal-Oriental rugs are sold and guaranteed by reliable dealers in all sections 
of the United States. The name of the merchant in your city selling these 
rugs may be had by writing to us. 
JAMES M. SHOEMAKER CO., INC. 
20 West 39th St., at Fifth Ave. New York 
Plants Useful for Attracting Fruit- 
Eating Birds 
(Continued from page 92) 
( Fragaria) and fruits of viburnums, by 
16 each; hackberries ( Celtis ) and huckle¬ 
berries (Gaylussacia) , by IS each; haws 
(Cratcegus), by 12; spicebush berries 
( Benzoin) and rose hips (Rosa) by 11 
each; and the fruits of sarsaparilla 
( Aralia ), sour gum ( Nyssa ), gooseber¬ 
ries and currants (Ribes), and snowberry 
( Symphoricarpos ), each eaten by 10 
species of birds. 
In addition to the plants recom¬ 
mended on the basis of proved prefer¬ 
ence by birds, as indicated by stomach 
examination, there are several other 
genera known to furnish much bird 
food, or which are important in certain 
regions where none of the plants just 
mentioned are abundant. Separation of 
this list from the above by no means 
indicates inferiority for the purpose of 
attracting birds, but is done only to 
emphasize the different criteria for se¬ 
lecting them. These plants are; Man- 
zanita ( Arctostaphylos ); barberry (Ber- 
beris ); buffalo berry ( Shepherdia ); sil- 
verberry ( Eloeagnus ); buckthorn (Rham- 
nns ); mountain ash ( Pyrus ); china 
berry ( Melia ); the California Christ¬ 
mas berry (Heteromeles arbutifolia ); 
the pepper tree (Schinus molle), the 
fruit of which is a splendid bird food 
in southern California; magnolia, the 
pulp-coated seeds ol which furnish one 
of the most nutritious and eagerly sought 
foods of birds wintering in the South¬ 
eastern States; and nockaway (Ehretia), 
lote bush ( Zizyphus ), and bluewood 
(Condalia) , three favorite genera of the 
Southwest, where most of the plants 
previously mentioned are wanting. 
Winter Food Supply 
Species of the genera listed can be 
selected that furnish adequate bird 
shelter and also a continuous supply of 
fruit throughout the year in any part 
of the United States where cultivation 
of trees and shrubs is practicable. It is 
most important to have a sure supply 
of bird food for late winter and early 
spring. The quantity of natural food 
is then smallest, and frequently the few 
remaining sources are rendered inac¬ 
cessible by snow and sleet. It is ad¬ 
visable, therefore, for bird lovers to 
make liberal use of plants which retain 
their fruit through the winter. They 
will be well repaid, for a dependable 
food supply is never a more potent bait 
than at this bleak season. Among the 
plants much patronized by birds, those 
which hold their fruit longest are juni¬ 
per, bayberry, hackberry, barberry, mag¬ 
nolia, mountain ash, rose, Christmas 
berry, china berry, pepper tree, sumac, 
holly (Ilex opaca), black alder (Ilex 
verticillata) , certain wild grapes (nota¬ 
bly the frost grape, Vitis cordifolia), 
manzanita, snowberry, and some ever¬ 
green species in other genera, such as the 
evergreen blueberry (Vactinium ovatum) 
of the Pacific coast region, farkleberry 
(Vactinium arboreum), and evergreen 
cherry (Primus caroliniana) of the 
Southeastern States. In some localities 
the Virginia creeper holds its fruit, in 
others dropping it readily. 
The plants with persistent fruit bridge 
the gap between the overwhelming 
abundance of autumn and the scarcity 
of early spring. Before the last of the 
wintered-over fruit disappears, a few 
plants have blossomed and begin to 
mature the first fruits of another sea¬ 
son. Among the earliest of all and 
greatly relished by birds, are mulber¬ 
ries. They ripen in April—even in late 
March in southern localities—and in 
May and June farther north. Red- 
berried elder and service berries are but 
little later; often the latter are not left 
on the trees by the hungry birds long 
enough to ripen. Wild strawberries, 
raspberries, and dewberries are early and 
may be used to protect cultivated spe¬ 
cies. Certain kinds of cherries, as the 
European bird cherry (Primus padus) 
and the mahaleb or stock cherry (Pru- 
nus mahaleb ), ripen their fruit at about 
the same time as domestic cherries and 
will serve to divert the attention of 
birds. From the time summer is well 
started there is a constant abundance of 
wild fruits. Blueberries, huckleberries, 
certain dogwoods, viburnums, and grapes 
are among the first to ripen and fall, 
while sarsaparilla, elder, gooseberries, 
currants, spicebush, and sassafras are 
somewhat more persistent. Other dog¬ 
woods, silverberry, sour gum, and black 
cherry hold their fruit a little later, and 
pokeberry, hawthorn, buffalo berry, some 
wild grapes, and viburnums retain their 
fruit well into the winter. 
Evidently there need be no season 
without its fruit if judicious selection of 
shrubs and trees is made by those desir¬ 
ing to attract birds. Thus a thicket of 
raspberry or dewberry, elder, and dog¬ 
wood, grouped about some taller sumac, 
Juneberry, and juniper, would supply 
fruit throughout the year. Moreover, 
in almost any part of the United States, 
this combination can be made by the 
use of native species alone. 
Besides native shrubs and trees, a 
number of cultivated species have proved 
so attractive to birds that they are as 
important as any of the indigenous 
fruits. An excellent example is the pep¬ 
per tree (Schinus molle), which flour¬ 
ishes in southern California, and which 
will probably thrive in many other parts 
of the Lower Sonoran faunal area. 
Others suited to the same climate are the 
china berry (Melia azedarach), the Rus¬ 
sian mulberry (Monts alba tatarica), 
and the Russian oleaster (Eloeagnus an- 
gustifolia). The china berry is just as 
successful in the eastern part of this 
zone, namely, in the Austroriparian 
faunal area; it retains its fruit through 
the winter and is eagerly sought by 
robins, cedar birds, and catbirds. The 
Russian oleaster and another species 
(Eloeagnus umbellata) also do well here 
and furnish an abundance of fruit rel¬ 
ished by birds. Eloeagnus angustifolia 
and Melia are hardy at Washington, D. 
C., also, which is in the Upper Austral 
zone. The fire thorn (Cotoneaster pyra- 
canlha), a beautiful shrub with scarlet 
berries much liked by birds, will grow 
almost anywhere in the eastern United 
States, and the Parkman apple (Pyrus 
halliana), one of the handsomest flower¬ 
ing apples, is quite hardy, and is a valu¬ 
able bird food, with fruit persistent in 
winter. But foremost in attractiveness 
to birds among cultivated fruit-bearing 
plants are mulberries. These will grow 
almost anywhere in the United States, 
and their combined early ripening and 
long fruiting season make them espe¬ 
cially valuable. Varieties of mulberries 
suited to the various faunal areas will 
be treated at greater length in the sec¬ 
tion devoted to plants useful for pro¬ 
tecting cultivated crops. 
Food Plants for Sparrows 
A hundred species of sparrows inhabit 
the United States, and in the number of 
individuals they outrank any other fam¬ 
ily. Many of them are characteristic 
winter birds, and as they are great de¬ 
stroyers of weed seeds and are sprightly 
and cheery withal, it pays to take con¬ 
siderable trouble to attract them. 
As just remarked, they love weed 
seeds and do great good by destroying 
them; but as it is not desirable to culti¬ 
vate weeds, the next best thing is to 
plant harmless species of their favorite 
genera. Fortunately many common or- 
(Continued on page 96) 
