70 
House & Garden 
Period Styles in Table Silver 
(■Continued from page 68) 
Prettier Teeth 
Safer Teeth—Without a Film 
All Statements Approved by High Dental Authorities 
It is Film That Mars 
and Ruins 
It is known today that the 
cause of most tooth troubles 
is a slimy film. You can feel 
it with your tongue. 
That film is what discolors— 
not the teeth. It is the basis 
of tartar. It holds food sub¬ 
stance which ferments and 
forms acid. It holds the acid 
in contact with the teeth to 
cause decay. 
Millions of germs breed in 
it. They, with tartar, are the 
chief cause of pyorrhea. 
Thefilmis clinging. It enters 
crevices and stays. The tooth 
brush does not end it. The 
ordinary tooth paste does not 
dissolve it. So millions find 
that well-brushed teeth discolor 
and decay. 
Dental science, after 
years of searching, has 
found a film combatant. 
Its efficiency has been 
amply proved by clinical 
and laboratory tests. Able 
authorities approve it and 
leading dentists all over 
America are now urging 
its adoption. 
A Free Test to 
Every Home 
This new method is em¬ 
bodied in a dentifrice called 
Pepsodent. And a 10-Day 
Tube is sent to everyone who 
wishes to prove its efficiency. 
Pepsodent is based on pep¬ 
sin, the digestant of albumin. 
The film is albuminous matter. 
The object of Pepsodent is to 
dissolve it, then to day by day 
combat it. 
Butpepsinmustbeactivated, 
and the usual agent is an acid 
harmful to the teeth. So pepsin 
long seemed impossible. But 
science has discovered a harm¬ 
less activating method. And 
millions of teeth are nowbeing 
daily brushed with this active 
pepsin. 
We urge you to see the re¬ 
sults. They are quick and ap¬ 
parent. A ten-day test will be 
a revelation. Send the coupon 
for the test tube. Compare the 
results with old methods, and 
you will soon know what is 
best. Cut out the coupon so 
you won’t forget, for this is 
important to you. 
plainly do not. The question to be 
answered is, why do these affinities and 
antipathies exist. 
The quality to be desired and secured 
is harmony, whether that harmony is 
gained by analogy or by contrast. To 
achieve that harmony we must clearly 
discern some point in common between 
the items to be harmonized, some com¬ 
mon ground of comparison, to serve as a 
harmonizing bond or link between the 
different elements. This bond is most 
generally found either in similarity of 
scale or else in analogy of line. 
Keeping these two factors in mind, we 
can understand how it is that candle¬ 
sticks of Neo-Classic design placed upon 
a Stuart carved oaken chimneypiece 
shelf or upon an oak refectory table look 
skimpy and insufficient; how it is that 
turned-baluster candlesticks of rotund, 
swelling lines look equally out of place in 
an attenuated Neo-Classic environment; 
and how it is that a globular tea service 
carefully considered. If the slender speci¬ 
men will eventually become a large, 
spreading tree, plenty of room must be 
allowed, for the trainer is dealing in 
futures and must not judge his tree by its 
present size. 
Tools and Their Use 
The first thing to be considered in 
pruning is the tools. There are many 
implements of all sizes and shapes to 
meet every possible need, but in the first 
stages of pruning a large pocket knife 
with a keen edge will answer all require¬ 
ments. Later, a small saw with fine 
teeth will be needed, and pruning shears 
with handle extensions for cutting high 
limbs are very useful, providing the blades 
are well set and kept always in the best 
of condition, so that they cut without 
a tearing motion, which leaves ragged 
edges. Sharp tools are absolutely neces¬ 
sary to good work, for, as in surgery, 
the cut must be clean so that it heals over 
smoothly, with no rough edges. Cutting 
should always be done on a slant, with 
the cut side downward, for water thus 
runs off at once instead of soaking into 
the wood and causing decay. 
Trees from the nursery row are by 
necessity grown close together, so that 
the normal development has been some¬ 
what changed. The knife is used vigor¬ 
ously here to start the growth in the right 
direction. In removing the tree from the 
ground a large portion of the root system 
is generally destroyed. All bruised and 
broken surfaces that would later cause 
decay must be removed with a clean 
downward stroke. As the root is of 
necessity pruned, top cutting should, if 
anything, be a little more drastic, so that 
a proper balance may be maintained; 
the root system must always be well able 
to support the top growth. This judicious 
cutting is necessary also in order that the 
tree may not waste energy in putting forth 
growth which must later be removed. 
Then, too, the heading-in must be started 
so that branching will begin at the desired 
distance from the turf line. 
The tree is made or marred by the first 
two or three prunings, for the scaffold 
limbs are then spaced and directed, and 
the whole future development depends 
upon this being properly done. As these 
scaffold limbs are to support all the 
after-growth, it is very necessary that 
they be placed so that the danger of 
their splitting from the main trunk is 
reduced as far as possible. It is desirable 
that fruit trees, with few exceptions, have 
from three to five scaffold limbs; these 
should start from different points on the 
trunk, never opposite. The aim in shap- 
in full view of slender Sheraton chairs 
will not look as satisfying as a tea service 
of Neo-Classic or Empire design. It is 
because the principles of scale are alto¬ 
gether antagonistic. We can understand 
also how it is that globular hollow ware 
of strongly curvilinear, Baroque proven¬ 
ance will agree with a heavy Stuart 
environment, and how it is that heavy- 
scaled Empire silver will agree with 
attenuated Sheraton or Hepplewhite 
surroundings. In the former case, al¬ 
though the principles of structural line 
are different, similarity of scale forms a 
bond of harmony; in the latter case, 
although the scale of the two differs 
widely, the restraint of the parabolic 
curves affords a point of comparison and 
affinity. 
It should be perfectly obvious that 
what has been pointed out with reference 
to the relation of silver to environment 
in general applies with especial emphasis 
to table china. 
ing the tree should be to guard against 
any tendency to divide evenly, for the 
weight of fruit or a severe storm will often 
split an evenly divided tree, while a tree 
with three or five properly placed limbs 
will weather most any adverse condition. 
The scaffold limbs should be arranged 
in an oblique whorl. For instance, the 
first limb comes where the branching is 
to start, say about 3' above the ground, 
the second would be 5" or 6 " above, but 
not in a direct line, angling from thirty- 
five to forty degrees from it; the third 
branch would naturally come from 4" to 
8" higher than the second with an angle 
not so acute—sixty to ninety degrees; 
and so on until the whorl of branches 
about the main stem is complete. The 
angles and distances are not in any sense 
absolute, for it was stated before that 
trees cannot be pruned by rule of thumb; 
and as no two trees require the same treat¬ 
ment, only general rules have value for 
the beginner. 
During the first years after transplant¬ 
ing, all trees naturally tend to vigorous 
top growth, so severe cutting back is 
necessary. The main branches left at 
planting time should be shortened to 
about 8" more or less; at the close of the 
first year’s growth there must be more 
shortening, the main limbs being left 
perhaps 1' long with three branches, 
which have been spaced in the same 
manner as the scaffold limbs; these 
branches would be from 6" to 8" long. 
The third year shortening should be done 
in the same proportions, tending to 
reduce the subdivisions on the branches. 
With a view to keeping the center of the 
tree open, cutting should be always with 
an outside bud uppermost, in order that 
all growth may be outward. 
The rule for pruning after the growth 
is properly directed is to shorten the 
annual growth from one-third to one-half. 
Pruning stimulates growth, so the vig¬ 
orous tree will require less pruning than 
the backward specimen. It is in such 
little points as these that the experience 
and judgment of the pruner come into 
play. If the trees are lived with from 
season to season, the habits and growth 
may be watched and the cutting done 
accordingly. 
Forming the Head 
In the matter of the after development 
of the head, thinning out should be 
practised without mercy, so that all 
limbs will be vigorous. In the formation 
of the head, the modern tendency is to 
start the branching very low. It must be 
remembered that the upward growth is 
(Continued on page 72) 
l ‘ W §r E % PAT. OFF. 0} 
REG. U S. 
The New-Day Dentifrice 
Now Advised by Leading Dentists Everywhere 
295 
Ten-Day Tube Free 
THE PEPSODENT COMPANY, 
Dept.890,1 104S. Wabash Ave.,Chicago,Ill. 
Mail 10-Day Tube of Pepsodent to 
Name _ 
Address 
Ten Days Will Tell 
Note how clean the teeth feel 
after using Pepsodent. Mark the 
absence of the slimy film. See 
how the teeth whiten as the fixed 
jfilm disappears. You will then 
know what clean teeth mean. 
Pruning Young Trees 
(Continued from page 49) 
