24 
HOUSE AND GARDEN 
September, 1915 
nected with the various meth¬ 
ods of heating, but in a 
general way the merits of 
each system will be discussed. 
Perhaps the earliest method 
of heating was by open fire¬ 
places. This form of heating 
ensures large quantities of ait- 
entering the room, not so 
much on account of the air 
required for the combustion 
of the fuel, but on account of 
the column of hot air large 
quantities of air go up the 
stack. Anyone who has at¬ 
tempted to heat a large room 
with an open fireplace can 
testify that it is uneconomical and may cause 
annoying drafts. However, as a ventilating 
medium it is very good. It is not a bad esti¬ 
mate to say that with this method of heating 
nine-tenths of the heat is wasted. 
Stoves are very common in a great ma¬ 
jority of our houses. This is quite an 
economical method of heating, but unless 
care is exercised and fresh air is admitted 
the ventilation will not be sufficient. Stoves 
should never be so small that it will 
be necessary to keep the metal red hot 
in order to provide a comfortable tem¬ 
perature. If the whole house is to be 
heated by stoves, it will prove a con¬ 
stant source of dirt and require a great 
deal of care. 
The indirect system of heating is 
one in which warmed air is conducted 
to the room to be heated, the air being- 
warmed by an indirect radiator con¬ 
taining steam or hot water placed near 
the room or by a furnace in the 
basement. The system generally ^ 
ensures sufficient air entering the 
room, its purity, of course, de¬ 
pending upon its course. Such a 
system is quite expensive to 
operate, but in mild climates this 
may not be a serious item. Since 
it is designed to introduce air, an 
considered before installation. It were wiser to settle the problem of the system you 
want to use several months before building your bouse 
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The grill for the face of a hot-air inlet should 
have good lines 
a—a.—a.—a—a- (A 
Since grills come in an infinity of designs, they can be made 
to fit in with the general scheme of any room 
This is, of course, best accom¬ 
plished by a ventilating flue, 
and where perfect operation 
is expected of such a system, 
the flue should be used. Hot 
air heating with a furnace 
may fail from several other 
causes, namely, when the 
horizontal distance from fur¬ 
nace is too great no outside 
air intake is provided and the 
air, such as it is, is circulated 
again and again through the 
house; or, perhaps, the trou¬ 
ble may be in poor labor dur¬ 
ing the installation or a fail¬ 
ure to understand the proper 
of dampers, regulators, etc. 
I he first cost of a furnace installation is, as 
a rule, less than steam or hot water. These 
troubles in hot air heating can be remedied, 
however, if the best type of warm air gen¬ 
erator is used; in houses of unusual length 
two generators may have to be installed. In 
the case of steam or hot water two boilers 
would also have to be installed. 
The direct-indirect system of heating com¬ 
bines the principle of indirect heating 
with the system in which the heated 
surface is placed directly in the room. 
Provision is made at the base of the 
radiator for passing air from the out¬ 
side over the surface of the radiator. 
This system may be used with both 
steam and hot water. 
It was seen that the horizontal dis¬ 
tance must not be too great when one 
furnace is used for heating 
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indirect system should have some 
provision for the removal of air. 
See that some opportunity is given for the constant changing of air in a room. 
In a large place, an indirect intake covered with a grill is ample 
s . If the 
house covers a large area, hot water 
or steam heating must be used 
and two generators installed, as 
shown above. On account of 
climate - conditions, area of site 
and other factors it is seldom 
that the various systems of heat¬ 
ing come in competition. 
While a little more expensive 
than steam as regards first cost, 
hot water has certain advantages 
(Continued on page 58) 
placed in the room, fresh air 
being diffused by the heat 
Showing the principles of the indirect 
system of heating with a furnace 
This method of securing ven¬ 
tilation can be constructed at 
home 
I he indirect radiator mav be used with 
steam or hot water, air being taken from 
outdoors 
