THE WORLD'S WARSHIPS. 
167 
Thus he places in his first batch of 6-inch armour, three of the 
later monitors, an Admiral, and the old line-of-battleship Kreml. 
Now, the three monitors only have that amount of armour, according 
to our Naval Intelligence Department, just in front of their turrets. 
In rear of them, and everywhere on the ship itself, they have but 4*5 
inches of armour. Hence the 6-inch B.L. and 9-inch M.L. should be 
able to sink them a long way over 4000 yards. 
Again, the Admiral has six inches everywhere, as, indeed, the 
Spiradoff also, which he places in the higher class, though it is only 
the turrets which have seven inches, I know the head line covers it, 
but that does not make it less misleading. The Novgorod is here 
placed right owing to her uniformity of armour, but the 10 small 
monitors, are far easier vessels to fight, which one would not anticipate 
from their being given 10 inches of armour. In other words, instead 
of a Table showing the armour in front of the main armament, would 
it not be better to insert one giving the thickness of armour protec¬ 
tion given to the ship itself, for if one sinks the ship the main armament 
will go to the bottom. 
RUSSIAN LINE-OF-BATTLE SHIPS. 
We now come to the first of these, the Peter the Great. This 
was built to compete with our Devastation, and was begun soon after 
she was commenced. Her length is 328 feet, beam 62 feet, and 
displacement 8700 tons. Being designed to master our turret-ship, 
she more resembles our Dreadnought, which is an improved Thunderer. 
Her belt is from 14 inches thick amidships to eight inches aft, and is 
five feet below the water to a varying height of from one foot forward 
and two feet aft to 10 feet amidships. This is due to the breastwork 
or redoubt, which covers about half her length and all her breadth, as 
in the Dreadnought. The armour of this and of the two turrets 
which are placed in line with the keel is 14 inches. The armoured 
deck over the breastwork is 1*5 inches thick, over the ends three 
inches. For armament she has a pair of 12-inch 40-ton B.L.R. guns 
in each turret, and seven Q.F., mostly on upper deck. 
Her endurance is 1300 knots. In general appearance she is very like 
our three ships that I have named, but her superstructure is shorter 
and she has but one funnel. I believe she was not a success, as she 
shakes so much as to engender weakness if driven over eight knots, 
while she is terribly wet and leaks. She has no ram. 
Three ships of an improved type followed, the Tchesme, Catherine 
II., and the Sinope. They are all three in the Black Sea fleet; length 
331 feet, beam 69 feet, displacement over 10,000 tons. Speed 16 
knots, with a coal endurance of 1350 at 14-knot speed. 
The belt varies in thickness from eight inches at the bow and stern 
to 16 inches amidships. It extends from three feet above the water¬ 
line to five feet below, running down to the ram. On this is an 
armoured deck 1*5 inches of steel, except before and abaft the citadel, 
where it is 2*5 inches thick. On this is erected a rectangular citadel 
nine inches and 10 inches thick at bulkheads, and 12 inches at the 
sides. On this again comes a 12-inch pear-shaped redoubt, the point 
