NOTES ON APPLIED FIELD FORTIFICATION. 
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There may, however, be cases in which a rear line might be selected 
with advantage, namely, where an advanced line can be held at first in 
such a way as to make the enemy believe it to be the main line of 
defence and, when he has committed himself to a formal attack upon 
it, the defending troops can be safely withdrawn to the real position 
behind. 
Such cases would only occur as a rule where a second line of heights 
can be found from which artillery could effectually cover the troops 
falling back from the first line, and so far in rear that its flanks are 
beyond the sphere of action of enveloping attacks made on the flanks 
of the first or false line. 
Baker Pasha's action at Tashkesen in 1878 is a good instance of such 
a position and its advantages. A similar position could be found in 
England if it were necessary to defend the Guildford Gap from an 
enemy advancing from the south. To the east of Guildford an advanced 
line might be placed on the line of heights occupied by the Chantries 
woods and St. Martha's. Then the enemy would have to organise a 
regular attack on this line from which the defenders could fall back if 
their flank was turned, when the assailants would find another very 
strong line behind on the main chalk ridge. 
Dispositions of Corps Commanders. 
We have been up to this point considering the dispositions made by 
the Commander-in-Chief, his distribution of his Army Corps and the 
considerations which will guide him in deciding on the general line of 
defence he will select. 
We can now go a step further and consider the dispositions of the 
Corps Commanders. The Commander-in-Chief will probably only have 
indicated the line to be held in the most general terms. The Corps 
Commanders will, however, indicate with some precision the limits within 
which the main fighting line of their Corps is to be placed, and also the 
localities that are to be specially looked after as pivots for the main and 
second lines, and will, at the same time, point out to their Divisional 
Generals the positions to be occupied by their Divisions. The question 
will arise whether all the Divisions of a Corps are to be placed in line 
or not. In the case when a Corps occupies a central position, so that 
its flanks are protected by the Corps on either side, and when it may 
be desirable to occupy as great a front as possible, the three Divisions 
may be placed alongside one another, but it is probable that in general 
a Corp Commander will wish to keep a substantial reserve in his own 
hands and will place only two Divisions in line on the position and keep 
the third in reserve. Especially will this be the case with flank Corps. 
Dispositions of Generals of Division and Brigadiers. 
Coming a step lower in the hierarchy we find the Divisional General 
with a certain portion of the front allotted to his Division, the general 
position of the fighting line indicated and the pivots pointed out to him. 
The lower in the hierarchy we descend the more detail will the Officer 
Commanding enter into. The Divisional General will probably first 
decide whether his two Brigades are to be placed alongside one another, 
or one kept in reserve. In a large force where Army and Corps reserves 
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