LETHERMAN’S SEED HOUSE, Canton, Ohio 
37 
Culture No. 13. Sow in flats from April until July. 
At first keep well watered and shaded. When the 
seedlings are large enough to be handled plant out 
from August to October in their permanent location. 
Culture No. 14. Sow in July or August in flats or 
pots. Leave outside until the soil has been thoroughly 
frozen and then bring into a warm house. Prick off 
and later plant in the open. Many hard coated seeds 
will not germinate before the following spring. 
Culture No. 15. Sow in the Fall in flats or cold 
frame. Water carefully and keep beds shaded. Germi¬ 
nation will take place usually the following spring. 
When sufficiently strong the seedlings should be set 
out in the open. 
Culture No. 16. Sow from March to October in cold 
frame or flats, watering but moderately. The germi¬ 
nation is very slow and often takes from 4 to 6 
months. When sufficiently large the seedlings can be 
planted in the open ground. In many cases moss will 
appear on the surface of the beds. This should not be 
removed but a thin layer of soil evenly distributed 
over it. 
Culture No. 17. Sow from January to July in pots or 
flats in a mixture of compost, loam and sand. The seed 
should be well watered and kept in a very warm tem¬ 
perature. As soon as the seedlings can be handled they 
should be pricked off into a similar soil mixture and 
later potted up or set out. 
Culture No. 18. Sow from January until March in 
flats in a mixture of well pulverized sod and sand. The 
seed should not be covered but pressed into the soil, 
moderately watered and kept in a warm temperature. 
Pick off seedlings and later plant in pots or in the 
open ground. 
Culture No. 20. Sow in July or August in flats in a 
sandy loam and keep well shaded. The seedlings should 
be pricked off in September or October singly in small 
pots and allowed to stay outside until frost. In winter 
bring into bloom in a cold house. 
Culture No. 21. Sow either in August or from De¬ 
cember to February in pots or flats in well rotted sod 
or leaf mold keeping in a moderate temperature and 
well watered. Prick off the seedlings and later pot up 
singly. Shift into larger pots and winter over in a cold 
house. 
Culture No 23. Sow from February to May in flats 
in a sandy loam in a warm house. Prick off the seed¬ 
lings into pans later potting up in a light soil. The 
soil mixture should be composed of one part sand, 
two parts compost and two parts well rotted hotbed 
soil and manure which has been put thru a small 
screen. 
Culture No. 24. Sow from March until June in flats 
in a sandy loam. Flats must be kept shaded, warm and 
well watered in order to get an even germination. 
Prick off as soon as possible into shallow flats and 
later into small pots, shifting up into larger pots as 
required. During growing period it is advisable that 
waterings with diluted manure water be given, par¬ 
ticularly during bud formation. 
Culture No. 25. Sow from January until May in 
flats in a sandy compost or hotbed. Sod, leaf mold nor 
peat cannot be used. The flats should be kept in a 
warm house, shaded and well watered. Germination 
period is approximately from 3 to 4 weeks. Prick off 
as soon as possible into flats containing a similar soil 
mixture. Later put in a heavier soil and winter over 
in a cold frame. 
Culture No. 27. Sow from March until June in the 
open ground in rows or broadcast in light soil thinly 
sown, in heavier soil the seed must be put in thicker. 
Where the seedlings are too thick, they must be 
thinned out. 
Culture No. 29. Sow from February to April in hot¬ 
bed or flats, in good rich loam. Sow thin and after 
germination keep well ventilated to prevent damping 
off. From April on the seedlings may be transplanted 
into open ground. Pricking off the seedlings is advis¬ 
able but not necessary. 
Culture No. 31. Sow from March to May in hotbed, 
pots or flats using a mixture of rich earth and sand, 
moderate heat. The seedlings should be pricked off 
into a heavier soil and may be planted out in a sunny 
location after June first. 
Culture No. 32. Sow in May in flats in a mixture of 
compost, hotbed earth and sand keeping the flats 
either in the hotbed or warm room with ample light. 
If sown thin the seedlings can be transplanted directly 
into a well prepared bed. If desirable to save effort, 
the seed can be sown directly into a well prepared 
bed at any time after the middle of May, thinning out 
to proper distance. 
Culture No. 33. Sow from January until April in 
flats in a mixture of loam and sand. Press the seed 
down and lightly cover and thoroughly water. Prick 
off as scon as the seedlings can be handled and later 
put up singly. 
Culture No. 36. Sow thinly in March and April in 
hotbed, frames or pots and water evenly. The best re¬ 
sults are obtained with a mixture of compost and 
some sand. When the seedlings are up ample ventila¬ 
tion must be given and after the middle of May they 
can be planted in the open or in pots. 
Culture No. 38. Best sowed from March to April in 
moderate heat in a sandy hotbed or flats. As soon as 
the seedlings can be handled they should be planted 
singly in little pots and hardened off gradually. About 
the middle of May they may be planted in their per¬ 
manent location. 
Culture No. 39. Sow from January until March in 
pots or flats in a well prepared mixture of two-thirds 
screened sod and the balance sand and loam. Firm the 
surface well, press seed in lightly and thoroughly 
water with a fine hose. Proper control of warmth and 
moisture is most necessary. As soon as the seedlings 
can be handled they should be pricked off into other 
flats containing the same soil mixture. 
Culture No. 41. For early blooms sow seed in July 
or August in flats or pots in light moist soil, covering 
the seed lightly (about twice its diameter) firming the 
soil with a smooth board. Water thoroughly with a 
fine spray; cover the flats with glass or newspaper 
until seed germinates. Transplant seedlings as soon as 
they can be handled, either in a cold frame or a pro¬ 
tected place to winter over. Do not let the soil become 
dry as this is fatal. May also be started indoors in very 
early spring and transplanted outside for later bloom¬ 
ing. Pansies like a cool, moist location and good rich 
soil. 
Culture No. 42. To obtain success sow the seed as 
early in the spring as the soil can be worked so that 
the vines make their growth and begin to bloom be¬ 
fore hot weather. They require plenty of moisture and 
fertility about the roots. Dig a trench 12 inches deep 
refilling it to within about 6 inches with soil to which 
has been added rotted manure, compost or any other 
humus material, if the soil is poor; add lime or wood 
ashes if acid. Sow the seed on top of this, covering it 
with an inch of soil. As the plants grow fill in the 
trench around them until the level has been reached, 
this will insure the roots being deep enough to resist 
hot, dry weather. Thin out if necessary so that plants 
are 4 to 6 inches apart; support with netting or 
strings. Sweet Peas like an open sunny location. Keep 
flowers picked to extend blooming period. 
