FALL PLANTING OF LITTLE TREES 
f r"" . i f HE PROPER TIME to plant any kind of tree is when 
|/^-\| it can be done well, either in spring or in fall. 
11 ) | Because of its special convenience, fall transplanting 
1 1 of hardy, vigorous, well-rooted trees that have been 
w grown and wintered m_the open, without protection, 
such as are raised at ICittlr (Crrr iflarma, is becoming more and 
more extensively practised in^mos-t'Itfedita.esa,- 
FALL SEASON FOR EVERGREENS J ^ s 
Fall planting should be regulated by conditions rather than 
by date; as long as the ground is damp and free from frost 
transplanting is safe. 
The latter part of August and the whole of September are the 
proper fall season for transplanting most kinds of evergreens. 
FALL SEASON FOR DECIDUOUS TREES 
October and November are desirable months; for transplanting 
deciduous trees. The general rule for hardwoods is to transplant 
as soon as the leaves begin to color. By removing the leaves, 
the work may be done somewhat earlier if necessary. 
THE ADVANTAGES OF FALL PLANTING 
Land which is better adapted to the growing of trees than to 
any other use is often too wet to be planted easily in spring, 
but may be satisfactorily planted in fall. In dry, wind-swept 
places fall planting is not desirable. In some regions there is 
more moisture in fall than in the months immediately following 
the spring planting season; this is a great advantage. Where 
it is not so, unless the ground is naturally moist, the importance 
of available water or mulch must be remembered. 
The spring planting season is a period of many inconveniences 
to the landowner, owing to the uncertainty and suddenness of the 
oncoming of the season, and its shortness when late in opening. 
At a time when all the regular labor of a country estate and all the 
attention of its owner are necessarily directed toward the mere 
routine work of spring, it is often very difficult to take up the im¬ 
portant permanent work of improvement, such as tree planting. 
“Outside” labor can also be more readily secured in the autumn 
months. In fall it is generally possible to give much more time 
and attention to the work, and consequently to do it better. 
This has been the experience of numbers of our customers. 
Fall, moreover, is the time when most property owners are 
completing their vacations on their estates, and can have the 
pleasure and advantage of personally laying out or of watching 
this interesting work. 
The technical basis of fall planting rests on a physiological 
fact, demonstrated by a long series of experiments which proved 
that root growth still continues after the leaves of deciduous 
trees have stopped growing and the evergreens have put on their 
protective winter covering; this root growth continues till after 
the ground freezes. It is easily seen that the roots of trees set 
out in autumn get well established, if the planting is successful. 
They thus get an early start in spring, and much time is saved. 
It has been noticed frequently that trees successfully transplanted 
in fall make a better growth during the following summer than 
those equally well set out in the intervening spring. 
LITTLE TREE GARDENS 
Fall has been found a very desirable time to plant “little tree 
gardens// which are the source of much interest and economy 
on farm or country estates, and from which the trees can be 
transplanted to permanent places as desired. 
The trees can be conveniently transplanted from little tree 
gardens just as early as needed in spring, being available without 
a moment’s delay. Indeed, from such little nurseries the trees 
can be planted on the property at any time of year by moving 
them with a good ball of earth attached to the roots. 
WHEN FALL PLANTING IS MOST SUCCESSFUL 
Vegetation is of course more active in fall .than in spring, and 
there is consequently mohe evaporation in fall. Fall planting, 
therefore, is most successful # only when plenty of moisture is 
assured, or some form of temporary protection from drying 
winds and sun. It can be well done where the ground is naturally 
moist (or when damp weather prevails) or where the trees can 
be watered, as on a lawn or private estate. The ground near 
the plants should be covered with very strawy manure or leaves 
to prevent the “heaving” caused by alternate freezing and 
thawing. This heaving is especially likely with very small 
plants in wet, heavy soils. 
Underplanting of an existing wood and planting in brushy 
places are both generally successful, owing to the protection 
afforded by the larger growth. This supplementary planting is 
largely practised under growing trees that stand too far apart, and 
after thinnings and other improvement cuttings, and also where 
trees have been killed by blight, as in the case of chestnut trees. 
The trees at Eittlr 3t« If arms are hardy from growing in the open and being wintered in the open without protection 
