58 
OUR NEW AND SPECIAL VARIETIES 
Owing to our favorable climatic conditions, our principal varieties are of the 
European type, which produces th e highest quality fruit that can be grown, 
and many of these find a ready market in the Eastern States where they pro¬ 
duce only the American (the slip skin type). 
The grape luxuriates in rich loam soils but can be planted on heavy and 
sandy soils, some varieties doing even better on these than where the ground 
is a rich deposit. 
The usual distance for planting grapes is 8x10 feet apart, requiring 54 4 vines 
to the acre. When the vines are to be staked and trellised 6x12 feet apart 
is preferred and 605 vines planted on an acre. When the latter distance is 
used the vines are staked the second year and the third year heavy posts are 
set at the ends of the rows and two wires are stretched along the row and 
fastened at each stake. The wire used is No. 12 gauge and spread 18 inches 
apart, the bottom wire to be 30 inches above the ground and the second wire 
18 inches above the first wire. 
When the wires are stretched, cross cultivation is discontinued and a mini¬ 
mum expense is added, it being necessary to hoe out the center of the rows, 
but the increased crop more than pays this expense. 
The pruning of the vines is an exhaustive subject and there are so many 
differences of opinion as to the proper method to use that we will only give 
a general idea of how this work should be accomplished. 
The common practice in pruning the Muscat is to cut it back to 12 inches 
above the top of the ground which is to form the head of the vine from 
which, in later years, the spurs for the future canes of the vines are grown. 
The Malaga is pruned to a height of two feet and spurs are distributed on 
the same from which the lateral bearing canes are developed. A four-foot 
stake should be used, tying the upright cane to it, which in later years will 
become strong enough to support itself and the stake removed. 
The Emperor, Cornichon, Flame Tokay, Thompson Seedless, Sultana, and 
other varieties of long cane table and wine grapes are pruned to a height of 
not less than 36 inches, which allows spurs to be formed along the body, 
w’hich in after years will produce the fruit-bearing canes. As previously 
stated, many vineyardists are trellising their vineyards especially the Thomp¬ 
son Seedless and Sultana—increasing the production at least one-third. The 
care and cultivation given a young vineyard well repays the added expense, 
in growth of vine and producing earlier and larger crops. 
Should any of our customers desire added information to that above given, 
we will consider it a pleasure in giving them the instructions desired. 
RECENT INTRODUCTIONS 
Price 
Each 10 100 
...$ .30 $2.50 $10.00 
o I . Resembles the Thompson in nearly every particular,, 
ouitanina Ivosea with the exception of color. The berries are oval in 
shape, medium in size, almost identical with that of the Thompson. The 
color varies from a violet rose to a coppery red. 
This variety makes a fine raisin and will no doubt be a favorite variety for 
shipping purposes on account of its color. 
^ The Zante currant (sometimes known as the Greek cur- 
^ante l^urrant rant of Commerce) has not been planted in California on 
a large scale. It is now becoming popular and large acreages will be set out 
as fast as the vines can be procured. 
The vine is a strong grower and produces an abundance of bunches, which 
are rather small in size. It has not been tried in many grape sections, 
but has proven very satisfactory where planted. On account of its small 
size and early ripening it requires very little time for drying. Ripens in 
August. 
FOREIGN TABLE AND SHIPPING GRAPES 
Each 10 100 
Price ..$ .30 $2.00 $5.00 
D l \ r' • v Black Cornichon is one of the many fine table grapes 
DlciCK Cornichon produced in California. It is not as extensively planted 
as the Tokay, Emperor or Malaga, however, in some sections it is a favorite 
and is a very profitable variety. 
The vine ^s a strong grower and in sections, to which it is adapted, is a 
good producer. The berries are of a very dark purple color when ripe, of a 
long olive shape, covered with a fine bloom. The flesh is firm' and of good 
flavor, Consequently, is a ready seller when placed on the market. 
The -Black Cornichon is particularly adapted for planting in the Sacramento 
valley. Ripens in October. 
