HOUSE AND GARDEN 
January 
i 9 i i . 
which are many, but the 
tongue is developed into 
a variety of forms of 
leaves, buds, etc., while 
the general form and 
proportion of the orna¬ 
ment remain unchanged. 
In the detail of a door- 
head shown here are five 
different sizes of the 
motive with consider¬ 
able variation. 
The above three 
forms of ornamented 
moldings are the most 
■c o m m o n in Colonial 
architecture, although 
the egg - and - dart is 
sometimes replaced by a 
row of balls—as in the 
cornice of the old Hoff¬ 
man House at Salem. 
The use of the guttae, or 
drops, below the frieze 
is a very interesting ex¬ 
ample of the mixing of 
the orders. The guttae are properly found in the Doric order be¬ 
low the triglyphs, as in the Boardman House, but in this case 
they were used quite naively with a sort of Ionic order. 
Another common 
form of ornament was 
the “reeding,” which 
gives the effect of a 
series of parallel lines 
by the use of a group 
of half-round “reeds,” 
placed close together. 
As to applied orna¬ 
ment, the garland was 
in most common use. 
This is usually rather 
thin and attenuated and 
was often composed of 
a series of buds; it 
sometimes imitates the 
folds of cloth draped 
between rosettes or 
ribbons. The use of 
garlands in the frieze 
under a cornice is a 
very common Colonial 
motive, and it is to be 
found in many and va¬ 
ried forms and in all 
sorts of places. In the 
Southern work it was often more robust and had more of the 
character of stone detail, as in the illustration of detail from the 
University of Virginia. (Continued on page 51) 
Two forms of the broken pediment. The pineapple ornament appears in the 
left-hand illustration, but it was usually far more conventionalized and ap¬ 
peared more like an acorn 
The Best Use of Stonework 
VARIOUS WAYS OF FINISHING STONE FOR USE IN BUILDING — THE AVAILABLE 
METHODS OF LAYING IT UP IN WALLS-THE MORTAR JOINT AND ITS PLACE 
by Harold Donaldson Eberlein 
Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals and others 
[Two houses that are alike in every respect, but the stone zvalls may be almost as dissimilar in appearance as if one were of stone and the other of 
brick. The best use. of wall materials is a subject of as great importance as the architectural style that is to be followed, yet the layman, as a rule 
seems not to appreciate this fact; to him a stone house is merely a stone house — until he realises that his finished home falls far short of his ideal. 
This article is the first of a short series, in which the aim is to make clear the possibilities in securing distinctive character through an intelligent use 
'of the various building materials. The author zuishes to give credit to Mr. H. L. Duhring, architect, for many helpful suggestions. —Editor.] 
S URELY, if Shakespeare 
could make the Duke in 
As Yon Like It find subjects 
for “sermons in stones,” the 
homebuilder of to-day will 
find it worth while to devote 
a little thought to the appear¬ 
ance and construction of the 
stone walls of the house in 
which he will probably live the 
rest of his life — a house that 
will go down to posterity as 
‘‘the house that so-and-so 
built,” and that must surely 
stamp him as a man of taste 
and good judgment or the re¬ 
verse ; for houses inevitably re¬ 
flect the character and person¬ 
ality of their builders, notwith¬ 
standing the intermediary 
function of the architect. We 
have on all sides, in ever-in- 
A random rubble of field stones and cobble-stones, with the joints 
raked out—-modern work as is indicated by the latter feature; 
Colonial builders did not rake joints 
creasing numbers, houses 
whose walls are both well and 
ill built — excellent examples 
of what to copy and what to 
shun. 
If the windows and doors 
of a house may be likened to 
the features of a face, the 
lines of the walls and the an¬ 
gle of the roof to the facial 
contour, then may the wall 
surface be fitly called the 
architectural complexion. It 
is surprising how much char¬ 
acter the face of a wall im¬ 
parts to a house. Now, you 
will agree, it is a great pity to 
see a noble face with fine fea¬ 
tures marred by an ugly com¬ 
plexion full of unsightly 
blotches, and it is just as 
much a pity to see a house of 
