190 
FOREST AND STREAM 
Feb. 8, 1913 
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The Salmonidae Family. 
The Char {Salveliniis alpinus) and Other Members. 
BY W. J. MURRAY. 
This is a name given to numerous varieties 
of the genus Saluionidce, inhabiting the northern 
regions of Europe, Asia and America. The true 
char are to be found in the lakes of mountainous 
portions of the North Temperate zone, in both 
the eastern and western hemispheres, and they 
are widely distributed over these regions where 
both their habits and appearance vary consider¬ 
ably according to their geographical position. 
In the extreme north of Europe and Asia 
the char take to a marine life and follow the same 
mode of existence as the salmon and sea trout, 
including the anadromous habit of ascending the 
rivers annually for spawning purposes about 
October. 
When the char take to the sea their scales 
become silvered like the salmon and sea trout. 
In appearance the char bears a strong resemb¬ 
lance to its cousin, the common European river 
trout (Sah)io fario), but does not usually grow 
so large, the average weight being only about 
one-quarter pound, although on some rare occas¬ 
ions two pounds have been reached. In the west¬ 
ern coast of Scotland some of the lochs contain 
large char. Loch Leven at one time contained 
some weighing up to two or three pounds, but 
such fish are no longer to be found there; a fact 
which is probably accounted for by the loch hav¬ 
ing been lowered through some arterial drain¬ 
age in its locality. It is, by the way, a well estab¬ 
lished fact that fish are very apt to forsake 
any lake or river, the natural conditions of which 
have been disturbed or interfered with by drain¬ 
age. Many fine fishing grounds have been per¬ 
manently ruined by this means. 
Another char {Salvelinus fontinalis), or 
what Is known as the American brook trout, has 
been introduced into Great Britain during the 
last thirty years, but up to the present time there 
is no evidence of their having established them¬ 
selves there in a permanent way. Although they 
have been known to do so temporarily in some 
of the Scottish lochs, they usually soon disap¬ 
pear. These brook trout or char very closely re¬ 
semble the British variety and are a very hand¬ 
some fish. The color of the char is that of a 
bluish purple on the back, while its sides are of 
a golden tinge, running into red on the belly. 
There are red and black spots along the sides 
as well as on the tail and dorsal fin. The fins 
are of a reddish pink, and the outer edge is 
tipped with white. But while these are some of 
the leading characteristics, they are subject to 
various minor changes and modifications due to 
changes of locality and environment—to temper¬ 
ature, climate, food supply, etc. Some of these 
modifications are often so pronounced that they 
lead to confusion in classification and to errors 
in nomenclature. 
From an angler’s point of view the char is 
regarded as inferior to the trout, not being con¬ 
sidered quite so gamy a fish, although affording 
very good sport nevertheless, and for culinary 
purposes. When the fish are in good condition 
they are considered an excellent food fish. The 
best time to angle for char is on quiet evenings 
when they can be seen rising to small natural 
flies. The angler’s flies should be allowed to 
sink, and then should be drawn quietly along. 
Kennel. 
Spratt’s Puppy Biscuits 
Spratt’s Piain Puppy Meal 
THE STANDARD WEANING FOOD 
Spratt’s Pepsinated Puppy Meal 
FOR DELICATE PUPPIES 
None genuine unless stamped thus X 
Send stamp for “Dog Culture” 
SPRATT’S PATENT LIMITED 
Factory and Chief Offices at NEWARK, N. J. 
Book on Dog Diseases 
AND HOW TO FEED 
Mailed FREE to any address by the author. 
H. CLAY GLOVER, D.V. S. 
118 W. 31st Street NEW YORK 
AIREDALE TERRIERS 
The Ideal Sportsman’.^ Dog for game hunting of any 
kind. We have puppies for sale from $25 each, bred 
from the greatest English and American bred specimens. 
Also brood hitches in whelp. Champion Red Raven at 
stud, fee $25. Two successive years winner for best 
Airedale at Madison Square Garden, New York. 
ELMHURST FARM KENNELS 
5900 Jackson Avenue, Kansas City, Mo. 
FOR SALE. 
Champion Lake Dell Damsel and Endcliffe Briarwood 
(English name, Fountain Ranger), both winners and 
world beaters. Address DR. L. C. TONEY, 204 Currier 
Block, Los Angeles, Cal. 
DOGS FOR SALE. 
Do you want to buy a dog or pup of any kind? If so, 
send for list and prices of all varieties. Always on 
OXFORD KENNELS, 
36 North Ninth St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
FOR SALE—DOGS. 
Setters and Pointers, trained on quail, grouse and chicken. 
Foxhounds, trained on fox, cat, wolf, deer and rabbit. 
Coon Hounds, trained on coon, bear, skunk, opossum and 
squirrel. Shipped on trial. Also puppies, bitches in 
whelp and stud dogs. 50-page illustrated catalogue. Five 
cents, stamps. 
BLUE GRASS FARM KENNELS, Berry, Ky. 
First in America, Best in the World, 
are Jacobs Bird Houses 
Beautify your 
grounds and 
help your bird 
neighbors by 
securing one of 
our fine Martin 
houses. Eleven 
beautiful de¬ 
signs for Mar¬ 
tins. 
Individual 
homes for 
Wrens, Swallo ws, Bluebirds and Chickadees. 
Food shelters for winter birds. 
Our fifth annual catalogue sent for 10 c stamps or silver. 
JACOBS BIRD HOUSE CO. 
404 South Washington Street WAYNESBURG, PA. 
Our Indorsement 
