816 
FOREST AND STREAM 
June 28, 1913 
each period of time therein prescribed as a 
closed season shall be construed to include the 
first day and to exclude the last day thereof. 
Regulation 8. Closed Seasons in Zone No. 1 . 
Closed seasons in zone No. i shall be as 
follows: 
Waterfowl.—The closed season on water- 
fowl shall be between Dec. 16 and Sept, i next 
following, except as follows: 
Exceptions: In Massachusetts the closed 
season shall be between Jan. i and Sept. 15. In 
Minnesota and North Dakota the closed season 
shall be between Dec. 16 and Sept. 7. In South 
Dakota the closed season shall be between Dec. 
16 and Sept. 10. In New York, other than on 
Long Island, and in Oregon the closed season 
shall be between Dec. 16 and Sept. 16. In New 
Hampshire, Long Island, New Jersey and Wash¬ 
ington the closed season shall be between Jan. 
16 and Oct. i. 
Rails.—The closed season on rails, coots 
and gallinules shall be between Dec. i and Sept 
I next following, except as follows: 
Exceptions: In Massachusetts and Rhode 
Island the closed season shall be between Dec. 
I and Aug. i. In New York and on Long 
Island the closed season shall be between Dec. i 
and Sept. 16, and on rails in California and Ver¬ 
mont the closed season shall be until Sept.' i, 
1918. 
Woodcock.—The closed season on woodcock 
shall be between Dec. i and Oct. i next follow¬ 
ing, except as follows: 
Exceptions; In Maine and Vermont the 
closed season shall be between Dec. i and 
Sept. 15. In Massachusetts, . Connecticut and 
New Jersey the closed season shall be between 
Dec. I and Oct. 10. In Rhode Island, Pennsyl¬ 
vania and on Long Island the closed season 
shall be between Dec. i and Oct. 15, and in 
Illinois and Missouri the closed season shall 
be until Sept, i, 1918. 
Shore Birds.—The closed season on black¬ 
breasted and golden plover, jacksnipe or Wilson 
snipe and greater or lesser yellowlegs shall be 
between Dec. 16 and Sept, i next following, 
except as follows; 
Exceptions: In Maine, Massachusetts and 
on Long Island the closed season shall be be¬ 
tween Dec. 16 and Aug. i. In Minnesota and 
North Dakota the closed season shall be be¬ 
tween Dec. 16 and Sept. 7. In South Dakota 
the closed season shall be between Dec. 16 and 
Sept. 10. In New York, other than Long 
Island, and in Oregon the closed season shall 
be between Dec. 16 and Sept. 16, and in New 
Hampshire and Washington the closed season 
shall be between Dec. 16 and Oct. i. 
Regulation 9 . Closed Seasons in Zone No. 2 . 
Closed seasons in zone No. 2 shall be as 
follows: 
Waterfowl.—The closed season on water- 
fowl shall be between Jan. 16 and Oct. i next 
following, except as follows: 
Exceptions: In Kansas, Oklahoma, New 
Mexico and Arizona the closed season shall be 
between Dec. 16 and Sept, i, and in Maryland, 
Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina 
the closed season shall be between Eeb. i and 
Nov. I. 
Rails.—The closed season on rails, coots 
and gallinules shall be between Dec. i and Sept. 
I next following, except as follows: 
Exceptions: In Tennessee and Louisiana 
the closed season shall be between Dec. i and 
Oct. I, and in Arizona the closed season shall 
be between Dec. i and Oct. 15. 
Woodcock.—The closed season on wood¬ 
cock shall be between Jan. i and Nov. i, except 
as follows; 
Exceptions: In Louisiana the closed season 
shall be between Jan. i and Nov. 15, and in 
Georgia the closed season shall be between Jan. 
I and Dec. i. 
Shore Birds.—The closed season on black¬ 
breasted and golden plover, jacksnipe or Wilson 
snipe and greater and lesser yellowlegs shall be 
between Dec. 16 and Sept, i, next following, ex¬ 
cept as follows: 
Exceptions: In Alabama the closed season 
shall be between Dec. 16 and Nov. i. In Louis¬ 
iana and Tennessee the closed season shall be 
between Dec. 16 and Oct. i. In Arizona the 
closed season shall be between Dec. 16 and Oct. 
15. In Utah, on snipe the closed season shall 
be between Dec. 16 and Oct. i, and on plover 
and yellowlegs- shall be until Sept, i, 1918. 
Regulation 10. Hearings. 
Persons recommending changes in the regu¬ 
lations or desiring to submit evidence in person 
or by attorney as to the necessity for such 
changes should make application to the Secre¬ 
tary of Agriculture. Whenever possible hear¬ 
ings will be arranged at central points, and due 
notice thereof given by publication or otherwise 
as may be deemed appropriate. Persons recom¬ 
mending changes should be prepared to show 
the necessity for such action and to submit evi¬ 
dence other than that based on reasons of per¬ 
sonal convenience or a desire to kill game dur¬ 
ing a longer open season. 
N. A. Herons and their Allies. 
The Bureau of Biological Survey, of which 
Henry W. Henshaw is chief, has just issued an 
interesting bulletin. No. 45, by Wells W. Cooke, 
so w'ell known for his studies of bird migration. 
It is entitled “Distribution and Migration of 
North American Herons and their Allies,” and 
includes thirty-two species of which, however, 
ten are tropical, not ranging north to the United 
States, and one is a straggler from Europe. 
Among the species named are several that have 
no permanent place in the United States fauna, 
and others that seem to be almost on the verge 
of extinction. The scarlet ibis and the jabiru 
have been noted as accidental visitors. The 
flamingo once bred in the United States, but now 
occurs only as a rare visitor. The roseate spoon¬ 
bill, the egret, and the snowy egret seem to be 
approaching extinction, because they have been 
for so many years—and to some extent still are 
•—shot on the breeding grounds at the breeding 
time, with the result that parents and young 
alike are destroyed, and the particular rookery 
where the shooting takes place is wiped out 
forever. 
It is worth while to read with care these 
introductory paragraphs of Mr. Cooke’s paper: 
“The herons have attracted wide attention 
during late years, particularly because of the 
earnest efforts that have been made to prevent 
the litter destruction of the aigrette-bearing 
members of the family. The horrors necessarily 
attending the collection of the aigrettes have 
aroused bird lovers to unprecedented activity. 
As a result, in some parts of the Union string¬ 
ent laws have been enacted, and the State 
machinery for bird preservation has been sup¬ 
plemented by large private subscriptions. Prob¬ 
ably no family of birds ever had fuller protec¬ 
tion on the statute books than is now enjoyed by 
the herons, while certainly no birds have ever 
been the recipients of more zealous care than is 
now accorded to the remaining colonies of the 
larger and smaller egrets. 
“The friends of the birds became aroused 
none too soon. The large breeding colonies of 
egrets have been completely destroyed, and only 
a few scatered remnants exist to serve as centers 
for re-establishing the species. 
“Most herons are colony breeding birds, and 
this fact has been one of the most potent factors 
in bringing about their destruction. A colony 
could easily be discovered by watching the lines 
of flight to and from the feeding grounds, and 
the succeeding operations were woefully simple. 
The hunter merely waited until the egg hatched, 
and then, taking his stand within the colony, shot 
the parent birds as they brought food to the 
young. No matter how much shooting was done, 
the old birds—then bearing the nuptial plumes in 
their greatest perfection—continued to return to 
their hungry young until the last one was killed. 
The starving of the young and the utter ex¬ 
tinction of the colony were necessary sequels. 
“So long as these plumes could be sold for 
their weight in gold, and there was an unlimited 
market for them, neither State laws nor the 
efforts of zealous game wardens availed much 
in checking the slaughter. More hopeful condi¬ 
tions are being secured at the present time by 
decreasing the market. Already in several of 
the States it has been made unlawful to sell the 
aigrettes or even to have them in possession 
with intent to sell. Could such a law be made 
general throughout the United States, the kill¬ 
ing of aigrette-bearing birds would cease, be¬ 
cause the slaughtered would have no market for 
his plumes. The birds will never be safe until 
this condition exists. 
“The larger egret and the snowy egret are 
the two. species that have suffered most severely 
from the persecutions of the plume hunters, but 
the millinery trade has also levied a heavy toll 
on many other members of the group. The 
flamingo has ceased to breed anywhere in the 
United States. The roseate spoonbill has be¬ 
come extinct over more than half of its former 
range in the United States, and its total num¬ 
bers are probably less than 5 per cent, of what 
they were fifty years ago. 
“The reduction of numbers in the other 
herons and in the ibises has not been so pro¬ 
nounced, but several of the species have been 
driven from the northern two-thirds of their 
former breeding range and are now restricted 
to the wildest and most inaccessible parts of 
the Gulf States.” 
Optimism. 
There is no use as I can see 
In growling all the time; 
The rough bark of a hickory tree 
Ne’er stopped a cheerful lad, if he 
Had made his mind to climb. 
— Detroit Free Press. 
