492 
FOREST AND STREAM 
April 19, 1913 
and words, yet tlicy are loyal to the British 
Crown, and contented under British rule, so 
long as they are not seriously interfered with. 
The scenery hereabouts continues most at¬ 
tractive, and as we view the picture that Baie 
des Chaleurs spreads out before us as it did 
before Jacques Cartier in 1535 in the bright sun¬ 
shine, we feel the inspiration that is' invariably 
felt in viewing nature at its best. Its Indian 
name is Eketuam Nemaachi (sea of fish). 
Moncton challenges our attention and consider¬ 
ation on account of a most interesting natural 
phenomenon, and some other things. The river 
Petit Codiac furnishes the phenomenon, and it 
has no duplicate in the world, unless a partly 
similar feature on a river in China furnishes 
one. This is in connection with the great tides 
in the Bay of Fundy which are forced up the 
narrowing shores of Chignecto Bay, and into 
the Petit Codiac River, where the water rises to 
a height of forty to seventy feet. The rise of 
this tremendous tide is here heralded by the 
forerunner of a huge tidal wave which sweeps 
up the entire width of the river to a height of 
five or six feet. This wave is called the “Bore” 
and reaches Moncton about an hour ahead of 
the regular flood. So great is the anxiety to 
witness this novelty that in one of the hotels 
there is posted a notice announcing the time of 
arrival of the “Bore” like this: 
The Bore 
Will Arrive .\t 11:03 
A. M. 
W e .glanced at this announcement with in¬ 
terest as we entered without knowing in the 
least what it referred to, unless it was to one 
of us, and each disdained the soft impeachment. 
\\ e were soon relieved of our suspense by the 
explanation of the event. At low tide the bot¬ 
tom of the river is bare as the fields that lie 
along its banks—a slimy mud confronting the 
beholder. In twelve hours’ time wharves and 
docks, whose surfaces are thirty-eight feet high, 
are submerged, and vessels of considerable size 
are loading there. I w^as never before so deeply 
impressed with the imiiortancc of water in the 
make-up of a river. Moncton is the headquar¬ 
ters of the Intercolonial Railw'ay, and a goodly 
company of courteous gentlemen in charge of 
the railway affairs. Near INloncton on the Hope- 
w’ell Cape, about twenty miles distant, are sev¬ 
eral remarkable rocks of red sandstone sculp¬ 
tured into fantastic forms by the action of the 
powerful tides which rise to a height of some 
thirty or forty feet above the level of the water. 
Another point that is w’orth seeing as an in¬ 
teresting incident in the passing of the red man 
is Richibucto, a reservation of the Micmac In¬ 
dians, about 300 of them, who pass their lives 
much the same as reservation Indians elsewhere, 
viz.: making baskets, moccasins and bows and 
arrows, doing a little fishing, drinking a little 
w'hiskey and furnishing a home for a thousand 
dogs or more—and some other species. 
This tribe speaks a mongrel French. They 
are not a sociable people, and their conversation 
with a stranger is limited mostly to: “Donnay 
mo sank cent” (give me five cents), “Donnay 
mo present” (give me a present), and monetary 
suggestions of the kind. 
Miramichi Bay was visited bj^ Jacques Car¬ 
tier some years before our visit, he made a 
settlement here and lived for some time enjoy¬ 
ing the hunting for big game and fishing for the 
lordly salmon. He and his companions must 
have had royal sport while the ammunition 
lasted. 
St. John is called the City of the Loyalists. 
It is named from the river into which Cham¬ 
plain and De Monts steered their high-pooped, 
square-rigged vessels three centuries ago on the 
feast day of Saint John the Baptist, so that it 
lacks but a little of the date of arrival on the 
bleak New England coast of the little May¬ 
flower. The rocky ridges upon which the town 
is built rise in a series of terraces from the 
waters of the Bay of Fundy. As a matter of fact 
the city is carved out of the solid rock, and the 
work of preparing the streets with dynamite and 
pick-axe must have been tedious and enormous¬ 
ly expensive, but the streets and foundation walls 
of buildings have a base that will last while time 
endures. 
[to be continued.] 
New Publication. 
Our Vanishing Wild Life; Its Extermination 
AND Preservation. By W. T. Hornaday, 
Sc.D. With maps and illustrations. New 
York Zoological Society. 
Packed within the covers of this book of 412 
pages are facts bearing on the destruction of 
w'ild life by—so-called civilized—man in extra¬ 
ordinary numbers. Dr. Hornaday has brought 
together a vast fund of information bearing on 
this subject, so that the volume is really an en¬ 
cyclopedia of the utmost use to all who are in¬ 
terested in the subject. Especially useful will 
it be to those who are called upon to legislate 
with regard to the preservation of useful birds, 
whether they be game birds, insectivorous, or 
water birds. 
In his foreword. Dr. Osborn, President of 
the New York Zoological Society, terms the 
volume an alarm call, like “The sounding of the 
great hells in the watchtow^ers of the cities of 
the middles ages, which called the citizens to 
arms to protect their homes, their liberties and 
their happiness.” 
In his preface Dr. Hornaday points out that 
the game of North America does not belong 
wholly and exclusively to the men who kill. 
These, he says, constitute only 3 per cent, of our 
population, while the other 97 per cent, of the 
people have rights in this life. 
The volume is divided into two parts, the 
first dealing with extermination, and the second 
with preservation. In Part L, the past and the 
present are considered. Among the subjects dealt 
with are the former abundance of wild life; 
species of North American birds and mammals 
which are extinct, or are apparently about to 
become so; the regular army of destruction and 
the guerillas who aid it; destruction of wild 
life by disease and by tbe elements; slaughter of 
song birds by Italians and by Southern negroes, 
and the extermination of birds for women’s 
hats. The story is told of the tragedy of Laysan 
Island, and there are discussed unfair firearms 
and shooting ethics; the present and future of 
big game in North America, Africa, Asia and 
tbe far East. 
Part II. deals with the present and future; 
discusses the new laws that are needed—includ¬ 
ing one for the protection of migratory birds 
by the I'ederal Government—and of no-sale-of- 
game laws. Much is said about introduced 
species, beneficial and injurious, about game pre¬ 
serves and refuges in the United States and 
Canada, private game preserves, preserves in 
Africa, and the breeding of game and fur in 
captivity. The need of teaching wild life pro¬ 
tection to the young is insisted upon, as is also 
the duty of American zoologists to American 
wild life. 
The volume is profusely illustrated with en¬ 
gravings and maps, and, as we have said, is far 
and away the most useful contribution that has 
ever been made to the subject. It is written by 
an extremist, one of those reformers without 
whom no great advance movement is ever started. 
On the other hand, it is not to be supposed that 
so large a work as this would be free from 
errors, whether of fact or of taste. There are 
inaccuracies in it, exaggerated statements and 
other statements made in unreasonable language 
that take away much of their force. But when 
all this is said, the book is still most interesting, 
useful and valuable. It is likely to accomplish 
a great work. 
It is understood that arrangements have been 
made to put it in the hands of thousands of 
people who can use it in considering laws to be 
passed, or in the carrying out of existing laws. 
It should have, and we believe it will have, a 
very wide circulation. 
It may be had of Chas. Scribner’s Sons, and 
the price is $1.50. 
Houses Without Nails. 
In Alberta, Canada, there is a village of 
houses which have been constructed without 
nails. As a matter of fact little or no hard¬ 
ware of any character has entered into their 
construction. 
These houses have been built by Ruthenian 
immigrants and their architecture is quite novel. 
Their first attempts at house building are usually 
of the kind they had been accustomed to over 
in Europe, and their buildings are of the typical 
Ruthenian style—log, pitch-roofed, thatched and 
wide in the eaves. In many cases these build¬ 
ings are put up without a dollar’s worth of hard¬ 
ware. 
Even the door, an affair of slender twigs 
woven and laced together, swings on homemade 
hinges and is latched with a wooden hasp, says 
the Detroit Free Press. The floor is of hewn 
logs, unnailed. The roof, as the favorite Rus¬ 
sian roof always is, is a wonderful fabric of 
poles and cross-woven wheat straw, ten inches 
thick, packed tight and solid, and laid with such 
care that it will shed the weather for twenty 
years. 
