HOUSE AND GARDEN 
August, 1910 
It is unfortunate that the great popularity of Privet has forced into the background such splendid hedges as those formed by Hemlock 
Spruce (on the left) and Arborvitae, which latter, in the picture on the right, divides the vegetables from the old-fashioned flower garden 
form, the Dwarf Japanese Yew, for instance, and again the Aus¬ 
trian Pine ( Pinus larico var. Austriaca). Of the cylindrically 
formed Evergreen, the old American Arborvitae ( Thuya occiden- 
talis ) ; which was the most popular hedge plant before the ad¬ 
vent of California Privet, is the most representative. Then among 
the pyramidal-formed Evergreens are the pyramidal Arborvitae. 
(Thuya occidentalis var. pyrmidalis), and Red Cedar. ( Juni - 
penis Virginiana) , which has probably solved more landscape 
problems than any other Evergreen, so nearly reproducing the ef¬ 
fect of the Cypresses to be found in every Italian garden. The 
Broad-leaved Evergreens are, almost without exception, found 
under the spherically formed class. They are indispensable for 
this reason, as architectural accessories, softening, as they do so 
admirably, the hard lines of the foundations of buildings. 
It is rarely necessary when setting out Conifers to cart good 
soil especially for them, because, as the reader has undoubtedly 
remembered, nearly all of them are native 
to poor soils. On the other hand, good, fer¬ 
tile loam should always be used in preparing 
for the planting of Broad-leaved Ever¬ 
greens. 
First of all it will be well to note that the 
following varieties of Evergreens seldom 
prove thoroughly hardy north of the latitude 
of Philadelphia: the Cypresses, the true 
Cedars, the Yews, Oregon Cedar, Japanese 
Euonymus, Oriental Yew, Japanese Ma- 
honia, Magnolia and Japanese Holly. How¬ 
ever, if well protected in winter, many of 
these will thrive still farther north. The 
following are suggested for various ex¬ 
posures: For shaded places: Rhododen¬ 
drons, Azaleas, Mountain Laurel, Droop¬ 
ing Andromeda, Daphne, Myrtle and Ma- 
honia, all o'f which may be counted upon. 
For seashore places: There are few Ever¬ 
greens for this purpose that excel the Red 
Cedar, Pitch Pine, Scotch Pine, Austrian 
Pine, Mugho Pine, Japanese Holly, Eng¬ 
lish Holly, Japanese Euonymus and Myrica. 
For coal-smoked places: Austrian Pine, 
Mugho Pine, Colorado Blue Spruce, Cana- 
dianYew, and the Scotch Pine; and, among 
the Broad-leaved Evergreens, the Leuco- 
thoe will, with some success, withstand con¬ 
tact with continually smoky atmospheres. 
However, where the air is laden with soft coal smoke, as it is in 
Pittsburg, it is not expected that Evergreens will thrive. 
The following list has been compiled with a view to aid in the 
selecting of various specimens that will enhance, year after year, 
the beauty of the lawn where they are intended as a single feature, 
more or less: Nordmann’s Fir, Engleman’s Colorado Spruce, Nor¬ 
way Spruce, Inverted Spruce, Eastern Spruce, Colorado Spruce, 
Colorado Blue Spruce, Austrian Pine, Mugho Pine, Bhotan Pine, 
Thread-branched Retinispora, Green Retinispora, Silver Retin- 
spora, Golden Retinispora, America Arborvitae and Hemlock 
Spruce. 
The following Evergreens are especially adapted to peculiar 
soil conditions: For dry and shallow soils: Red Cedar, Norway 
Spruce, Scotch Pine, Ball Pine, Mugho Pine, Jack Pine, Colo¬ 
rado Spruce, Colorado Blue Spruce and Canadian Juniper. 
For wet or moist soils: American Arborvitae, Hemlock Spruce, 
Balsam Fir, European Silver Fir and Aus¬ 
trian Pine. For hedges: American Arbor¬ 
vitae, Norway Spruce, Hemlock Spruce, 
Golden Retinispora, Green Retinispora, Sil¬ 
ver Retinispora, Compact Arborvitae, Ho- 
vey’s Arborvitae, Azalea, Box, White 
Spruce, Cedar (for tall hedges) and Cra- 
gaegus ( C. Pyracantha). For screening: 
Norway Spruce, Hemlock Spruce, Ameri¬ 
can Arborvitae, Green Retinispora and 
Golden Retinispora. For windbreaks : Nor¬ 
way Spruce, Hemlock Spruce, and the va¬ 
rious pines. For bed planting: Arborvitae, 
Retinispora, Dwarf White Pine, Mugho 
Pine, Swiss Stone Pine, Roster’s Blue 
Spruce, Eastern Spruce, Juniper, Chinese 
Arborvitae, Box, Azalea, Mahonia. Rhodo¬ 
dendron and Mountain Laurel. For dwarf 
growth: Juniper, Arborvitae (Thuya Ho- 
veyii) , Japanese Juniper, White Cedar, va¬ 
rieties of Retinispora, Canadian Yew 
(Taxus Canadensis var. brevifolia, also T. 
Tardiva, which is very hardy), Cotoneaster 
(C. horizontalis) , and the Fragant Olive 
(Osmanthus Aquirolium ). 
These Evergreens are of rapid growth: 
White Pine, Nordmann’s Silver Fir, Nor¬ 
way Spruce, Red Pine, Scotch Pine, Arbor¬ 
vitae, Pitch Pine, Colorado Spruce, Balm of 
Gilead Fir. Those Evergreens of slow 
Box hedges in a very old garden on the 
Wye River, Maryland 
