HOUSE AND GARDEN 
November, 
1910 
3 i 1 
clean, but it destroys some of the neces¬ 
sary germs to wash the n, and to produce 
a good grade of vinegar no water should 
be used, though in order to get all the 
juice, it is a common practice to pour in 
a gallon of water and press the pomace 
again. 
The process of making begins as soon 
as the juice leaves the apple, the first 
stage being called the alcohol fermenta¬ 
tion. If the cider is made in the sum¬ 
mer or early fall and yeast added, fer¬ 
mentation will be completed in about 
three months. If yeast is used, it will 
take a common penny cake for each five 
gallons of cider. When this fermentation 
has been completed, when the bitter taste 
disappears and it begins to turn sour, 
pour off the juice and put in a clean bar¬ 
rel, or wash out the same one and return 
it. It is well to say here that barrels 
should not be quite full, and the bung 
should be left out during the entire time 
of vinegar making. A piece of cloth 
may be tacked over the hole to keep out 
flies and dirt. After the alcohol fermen¬ 
tation is completed some old vinegar and 
a piece of “mother” may be added to has¬ 
ten making, and in some instances, where 
the apples contained but little sugar, the 
addition of molasses and water would 
make stronger vinegar; but this is rarely 
advisable. 
By following these directions good 
vinegar may be made in six to twelve 
months, though if the cider is put in bar¬ 
rels, stored in cellars and allowed to re¬ 
main without attention it will require 
from a year and a half to two years to 
complete the process and make a good 
grade of vinegar. As soon as the vine¬ 
gar has reached the proper stage of acid¬ 
ity the bung should be driven in place 
and the barrel kept tightly closed or the 
vinegar will deteriorate through evapor¬ 
ation. If one is making several barrels, 
some of the vinegar should be poured 
from one of them into the others until they 
are quite full. H. F. G. 
Cork Floors 
A QUIET kitchen is much to be de- 
sired, but until it is possible to 
have domestics manufactured to order, 
this state of bliss can scarcely be expected. 
It is, however, possible to make one’s 
kitchen floors so noiseless that much of 
the kitchen noise is eliminated. The cork 
floor is a partial solution of the noise dif¬ 
ficulty, as well as being absolutely sani¬ 
tary, easy for the feet and impervious to 
water, oils and chemicals. Cork tiles are 
said to outwear any hard material, such 
as stone, metal, wood or concrete, and 
their elasticity prevents any abrasion or 
denting. In making the tiling great pres¬ 
sure is brought to bear upon the material 
—fifteen inches of loose cork filings — 
until a hard block of natural cork, one- 
half inch thick is produced. All the par¬ 
ticles are tightly welded together by the 
heat in the pressure, which softens the 
natural gum of the cork, and there is not 
The Work 
that Counts 
There is no wasted energy, no 
lost motion in the work of the 
Varsity Crew. Perfect team work, 
co-operative effort and uniform 
action are strikingly exempli¬ 
fied. 
The same principle of intel¬ 
ligent co-operation exists in tele¬ 
phone communication in its 
broadest application. 
In handling the talk of the 
nation the Bell operators respond 
to millions of different calls from 
millions of different people, 
twenty million communications 
being made every day. 
Ten million miles of wire, five 
million telephones and thousands 
of switchboards are used to handle 
this vast traffic. 
More than a hundred thousand 
employees, pulling together, keep 
the entire system attuned. Unity 
is the keynote. Without this har¬ 
mony of co-operation such service 
as is demanded would be impos¬ 
sible. 
One policy, broad and general, 
in which uniformity of method 
and co-operation are the under¬ 
lying principles, results in univer¬ 
sal service for nearly a hundred 
million people. 
American Telephone and Telegraph Company 
And Associated Companies 
“One ‘Policy, One System, Universal Service 
RIFE Hydraulic Rams 
Require no attention nor expense. Operate continuously. 
Complete installation for supplying Dwelling Houses 
Greenhouses, Lawns, Fountains and Gardens. 
Operate under a fall of 18 inches 
to 50 feet, raising water 30 feet for 
each foot of fall. Develops 80 per cent 
efficiency. Installed with pneumat¬ 
ic tanks where overhead tanks are 
objectionable. 
We have plants for town*, for¬ 
mal gardens, railroad tanks and 
EStImAtITfREE . for irrigation. 
RIFE PUMPING ENGINE CO. 
2502 Trinity Bldg.,. New York, U. S. A. 
Landscape Gardening 
A course for Homemakers and Gar¬ 
deners taught by Prof. Craig and Prof. 
Batchelor, of Cornell University. 
Gardeners who understand up-to- 
date methods and practise are in de¬ 
mand for the best positions. 
A knowledge of Landscape Garden¬ 
ing is indispensable to those who 
Prof. Craig. would have the pleasantest homes. 
250 page Catalogue free. Write to-day. 
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Dept. 226 , Springfield, Mass. 
In writing to advertisers please mention House and Garden. 
