82 
House & Garden 
B ERKEY & GAY desi^rners 
work in wood to produce 
furniture which will endure and 
reflect what is best in contem¬ 
porary life, just as the architect 
works in brick and stone to 
produce houses and buildings 
which will be monuments to 
posterity of this generation. 
Suites and single pieces are car¬ 
ried by the best stores. Write 
for name of nearest dealer. An 
interesting brochure concerning 
Berkey & Gay furniture, with 
illustrations, sent upon request. 
THIS SHOP MARK 
is inlaid in every genuine Berkey b* Cay Production, 
Jt is the customer’s protection when buyng 
and his pride thereafter 
BERKEY & GAY FURNITURE CO. 
444 Monroe Avenue, Grand Rapids, Michigan 
New York City Office, 119 West 40th Street 
The Plumbing in Your Kitchen 
(Continued from page 52) 
ers must not be used as soil, waste or 
vent pipes, nor shall any such pipe be 
used as a leader. 
To have an intelligent understanding 
of what the plumber has to know, it 
might be well to know what certain 
terms are which are used in the plumb¬ 
ing rules. 
Definitions 
The term “private sewer’’ is applied 
to main sewers that are not constructed 
by and under the supervision of the 
Department of Public Works. 
The term “house sewer” is applied to 
that part of the main drain or sewer 
extending from a point two feet outside 
of the outer front wall of the building, 
vault or area to its connection with 
public sewer, private sewer or cesspool. 
The term “house drain” is applied to 
that part of the main horizontal drain 
and its branches inside the walls of the 
building, vault or area and extending to 
and connecting with the house sewer. 
The term “soil line” is applied to any 
vertical line of pipe having outlets above 
the floor of first story for water closet 
connections. 
The term “waste line” is applied to 
any vertical line of pipe having outlets 
above the first floor for fixtures other 
than water closet. 
The term “vent pipe” is applied to 
any special pipe provided to ventilate 
the system of piping and to prevent 
trap siphonage and back pressure. 
The Trap—Typhoid Preventer 
Most important from the hygiene 
point of view is the trap, which is a 
curved pipe permitting the last of a 
flow of water to remain in the pipe to 
prevent a back flow of sewage gas (a 
typhoid breeder) into the house. In 
the accompanying illustration you will 
see various forms of traps illustrated. 
These different forms are used under 
different circumstances which, of course, 
are entirely the plumber’s business. 
In hotels and large institutions, and 
in some large homes, a grease trap is 
built in the sink which is so constructed 
as to separate the grease from the water, 
which obviates clogging of the pipes and 
which amasses the grease which is sold 
to soap makers for soap. 
Fresh Air Inlets and Main Traps 
Fresh air inlets and main traps are 
also for the prevention of odors and 
gases coming directly from the sewer. 
The entrance of these gases often takes 
place, even though the plumbing is ex¬ 
cellent, by the settling of floors and 
foundation, rendering the soil pipes 
defective. 
In the accompanying diagram, one 
can see three ways in which the main 
pipe is connected through the house to 
the roof, where it is in one case capped 
by a ventilator, or ventilated by perfora¬ 
tions, in other portions of the system. 
Here, too, you can see the main trap, 
the clean-outs, and the main pipes. The 
question of soil pipes, etc., is sufficiently 
covered by the plumbing regulations so 
as not to need any explanations here. 
Now look at the illustration showing 
three systems with main trap and venti¬ 
lating system. Each sink, of course, has 
its own trap, but this shows the main 
trap from main supply. 
The following are a few excerpts from 
the law: 
Sewers, Drains and Traps 
must be of extra heavy cast-iron. When 
found in a leaky or defective condition, 
shall not be repaired or replaced except 
with heavy cast-iron pipe. 
The house drain and its branches 
must be of extra heavy cast iron when 
underground, and of extra heavy cast- 
iron or galvanized wrought iron or steel 
when above ground. 
The house-drain must properly con¬ 
nect with the house sewer at a point 
two feet outside of the outer front vault 
or area wall of the building. An arched 
or other proper opening must be pro¬ 
vided for the drain in the wall to pre¬ 
vent damage by settlement. 
No steam-exhaust, boiler blow-off or 
drip-pipe shall be connected with the 
house-drain. Such pipes must first dis¬ 
charge into a proper condensing tank, 
and from this a proper outlet to the 
house sewer outside of the building 
must be provided. In low pressure 
steam systems the condensing tank may 
be omitted, but the waste connections 
must be otherwise as above required. 
Soil and Waste Lines 
All main, soil, waste or vent pipes 
must be of iron, steel or brass. 
SoU and waste pipes must have 
proper Y or TY branches for all fix¬ 
ture connections. 
The diameters of soil and waste pipes 
must not be less than those given in 
the following table: 
Main soil stacks. 4" 
Main waste stacks. 2'' 
Branch wastes for slop sinks. 3" 
Branch waste for kitchen sinks... 2" 
Vent Pipes 
All vent pipe lines and main branches 
must be of iron, steel or brass. They 
must be increased in diameter and ex¬ 
tended above the roof as required for 
(Continued on page 84) 
