216 Nichols, A morphological study of Juniperus commnuis var. depressa. 
found in Cupressus Goiveniana, as well as those in Juniperus 
communis, are not without signiücance. 
Since Juniperus is dioecions tlie nnmber of pollen tubes found 
in the ovule depends primarily on tbe proximity of the staminate 
and pistillate plants. In the European form Belajeff (1893) and 
Noren (1907) find four or üve pollen tubes in a single nucellus. 
A specimen prepared by the writer shows seven pollen tubes, all 
of which have reached the archegonial region and have formed 
male cells, so that in this case there are present at the time of 
fertilization fourteen male nuclei, each of which is capable of 
uniting with an egg. 
The cytological phenomena which accompany the division of 
the body cell (or nucleus) to form the male cells (or nuclei) have 
been carefully studied in only a few Gymnosperms. Webber 
(1901) finds that in Zamia the spindle is entirely of nuclear origin, 
and, judging from the figures, a similar intra-nuclear derivation 
of the spindle would seem to be characteristic of Taxus (Robertson 
1907) and Ephedra (Land 1907). A peculiar mode of spindle 
formation is described by Miss Ferguson (1901) in the body 
nucleus of Pinus, where the spindle is “extra-nuclear and unipolar 
in origin”. According to Miyake (1903a) the same type of 
spindle formation occurs in Picea, and it is perhaps characteristic 
of the Abieteae. In none of the Cupresseae has this phase been 
fully worked out. Thus far the most complete observations are 
those of Coker (1903b), who establishes the fact that in Taxo- 
dium the spindle übers are of nuclear origin. In J. communis 
Sludsky (1905, üg. 2) ügures in the anaphase of this division a 
sharply bipolar spindle, the poles of which are situated near the 
periphery of the cell. Noren (1907) describes a condition seen 
shortly before the Orientation of the chromosomes at the equator, 
but ünds no indications of spindle übers. An unsuccessful effort 
was made by the writer to secure a complete series of the various 
stages of spindle formation in var. depressa, but several interesting 
phases of this division were found which prove that, even if the 
spindle is not intra-nuclear throughout its history, as Sludsky’s 
observations would indicate, it at least originates entirely within 
the nucleus. 
As the body cell approaches division, it usually loses its 
spherical shape and becomes ovoid. Up to this time the nucleus 
has exhibited no features of especial interest. It possesses a large 
nucleolus, which is frequently vacuolate, and a coarse, anastomosing 
reticulum in which no differentiation into chromatin and linin can 
be made out. The reticulum now resolves itself into a slender, 
uniformly distributed spirem, which at ürst, in contrast to the con- 
ditions described in the pollen mother cell nuclei, shows beautifully 
a distinction between linin and chromatin very similar to that 
described by Allen (1905) in the pollen mother cells of Lilium 
canadense (füg. 55). The chromatin granules are very clearly 
arranged in pairs and are distributed at fairly regulär intervals 
along the lighter staining band of linin. In addition to the chro- 
