12 
Miyake, The development of the gametopkytes etc. 
but two cells in longitudinal section and it is only in the cross- 
section that all the tour cells come under one view (hg. 76). 
Variation in the number and arrangement of the neck-cells has 
sometimes been observed. Figs. 73—75 show the diversity that 
may occur in the neck as seen in longitudinal section. Variation 
in the number of neck-cells has offen been noticed in other Coni- 
fers. According to Coker (1903) they may yary from two to 
sixteen or more in Taxodium. In Sequoia (Arnoldi, 1899; 
Lawson, 1904a) they are typically two and sometimes four. 
In Chpptomeria (Lawson, 1904b) the neck consists normalLy of 
a single tier of four cells, and it was only in one preparation that 
Lawson fonnd u a Variation from this number and that was in a 
longitudinal section where four were observed, snggesting that 
there may have been eight altogether.” In Tsuja (Land, 1902), 
the neck-cells seem to Vary from two to six, and they may vary 
from four to six in Libocedrus (Lawson, 1907). 
The rapid growth of the central cell takes place soon after 
its formation. The stages of its development are shown in 
figs. 63—68. The cytoplasm at first contains a very big vacnole 
beside a number of smaller ones, and as the cell continues to grow, 
the amount of cytoplasm increases much more rapidly. When the 
archegonium reaches to its full size, number of vacuoles of various 
sizes are found imbedded in the more or less finely granulär cyto¬ 
plasm (fig. 68). The nucleus of the central cell is, from the first, 
always situated near the apex of the cell and contains a prominent 
nucleolus. 
Coker (1903) noticed two dense area in the cytoplasm of 
the central cell in Taxodium , one at the tip and the other near 
the base. According to him “these areas are of dense fibrous 
material”, and “from them fibers radiate to the surfaee of the cell”. 
Noren (1904, 1907) found a similar structure in Juniperus and 
named it “Strahlungscentrum”. I have also found such a dense 
cytoplasmic mass at the tip of the full-grown central cell very 
near or almost in contact with the nucleus. But I failed to ob- 
serve a similar structure near the base of the cell. 
The development of the archegonia agrees, on the whole, 
with that observed in Taxodium and Cryptomeria , and of the Cu- 
pressineae t}^pe. The process is rather rapid, and at the end of 
June the archegonial complex is fully formed (figs. 69, 70, 110). 
It is usual that a single archegonial complex is located at the tip 
of each female prothallium, but a case was found in which two 
archegonial groups were present near the apex of a prothallium 
(fig. 105). The number of archegonia in a complex varies usually 
from thirteen to sixteen though smaller and larger numbers may 
sometimes occur. Unlike that of Cryptomeria and Taxodium the 
archegonial complex has a sterile prothallial tissue at the center, 
while the archegonia are arranged around it, completely enclosing 
the former (figs. 71, 72). Such an arrangement of the archegonia 
around a sterile tissue has not been found in any mernber of the 
Taxodieae and the Cupressineae so far investigated. 
