EDWARD A. MANDA, Inc. 
GENERAL ORCHID CULTURE 
The letters W. (Warm), 1. (Intermediate), and 
C. (Cool), opposite each plant refer to the respec¬ 
tive greenhouses or divisions most suitable for the 
plants. The temperatures for which should approxi¬ 
mate as follows: 
Warm. During the Summer 65 to 70 deg. Fahr. by 
night, 70 to 80 deg. Fahr. by day, rising higher 
during sunshine. ^Vlnter 60 to 65 deg. Fahr. by 
night and 65 to 70 deg. Fahr. by day. 
Intermediate. During the Summer 60 to 65 deg. 
Fahr. by night and 65 deg. to 70 deg. Fahr. by day, 
rising higher during sunshine. In Winter 55 to 60 
deg. Fahr. by night and 60 to 65 deg. Fahr. by day. 
On sharp frosty or windy nights the temperature 
may fall 5 or 6 degrees provided there is no undue 
moisture present. 
Cool. This division should be kept as near 60 deg. 
Fahr. as possible by day and night during Summer. 
In Winter the night temperature may fall to 50 deg. 
Fahr. or even less, without injury to the plants but 
should be increased to 55 to 60 deg. Fahr. during 
the day. 
For the three divisions the foregoing temperatures 
must, however, only be regarded as averages, the 
maximum temperatures may often exceed those 
given above during the Summer, but care is neces¬ 
sary during the winter to keep them as steady as 
possible and no attempt should be made to increase 
the maximums by forcing the pipes. 
In practise it is impossible to attain such an ideal 
and even in their homes plants are subjected to con¬ 
siderable fluctuations. Under glass, temperatures 
often run up considerable on hot sunny days, but if 
plenty of moisture and a buoyant atmosphere, be 
maintained, with judicious use of shading, no harm 
will follow. Extra sun heat is if anything beneficial. 
In Winter, particularly during cold windy weather, 
it is better to have the houses slightly below the 
given temperatures and dryer than usual, rather than 
have the hot water pipes too warm. Hot water 
piping should always be rather in excess of its re¬ 
quirements so that a genial warmth may be main¬ 
tained without making the pipes fiercely hot. Noth¬ 
ing is more inimical or productive of insect pests 
than a dry and arid atmosphere in which as gar- 
