458 
Wernham, The Systematic Anatomy of the genas Canephora. 
near the periphery; and calcium oxalate, chiefly in the form of 
crystal-sand, with a few small true cluster-crystals, is fairly plentiful. 
No sclerenchyma is present in the cortex external to the fibrous 
sheath just described. 
There is a well-marked hypodermis (hyp.) of rather large 
square cells filled with tannin. The epidermis is of cells of similar 
Fig. 4. Canephora madagascariensis. 
Portion of petiole in transverse section, shewing the main vascular Strand and one of the 
lateral Strands ( l. b.). Sc. fibres of the sheath; f. fans of parenchyma terminating the 
medullary rays; er. cells containing crystal-sand of calcium oxalate. 
shape but smaller; all the walls are remarkably thick and lignified, 
and the cuticle is extremely thick. 
II. Leaf. a) Petiole. The general shape and structure of 
the petiole is represented in Fig. 3, a and 4. The vascular System 
comprises one large median bündle, with two ventro-lateral, quite 
small, bundles. 
