464 Wernham, The Sjstematic Anatomy of the genus Canephora. 
sheath of one to two layers of small fibres; these display anature 
and arrangement similar to the corresponding elements in the stem. 
Between this and the xylem appears a yery narrow band of perished 
tissue which may be phloem; this contains tannin, but no calcium 
oxalate. 
& 
The external gronnd tissue, which is of limited extent, consists 
of large thin-walled cells resembling those of the intra-xylary 
parenchyma. Along the outside of one surface of the yascular 
bündle, and at a short distance in the ground tissue from it, about 
ten bundles of fibres run, at approximately equal interyals from 
each other; on the outer side only two fibrous bundles appear, and 
these are placed towards the extremities of the bundle-section. 
This appears to be the only anatomical indication of the dorsiyentrality 
lefened to aboye; we shall return to this point in the summary. 
The “wings“ of the peduncle show no differentiation into a 
ventral and dorsal surface. Both surfaces are uneyen (see'Fig. 7). 
The ground tissue is of thick-walled parenchyma, and is trayersed 
by several fibrous bundles, irregularly disposed at frequent inter¬ 
yals. These bundles are yascular in some cases, including a few 
yessels, sometimes associated with small-celled parenchyma with 
thin walls. 
The epidermis is the same on both sides; the cuticle is yery 
thick, and no stomata are to be seen. Tannin is abundant 
throughout the peduncle, but calcium oxalate appears to be confined 
to the wings; here it occurs as fairly large cluster-crystals, often 
contained in rather large sacs of lysigenous origin. 
C. angustifolia Wernham. 
I. Stern. As in C. madagciscariensis the pith consists of 
rather large rounded cells; but the walls are thick and scleren- 
chymatous throughout, no thin-walled tissue appearing. The centre 
of the section is, however, occupied by a lacuna, and this may 
represent degraded thin-walled tissue as suggested in the rase of 
C. madagciscariensis. 
The xylem is dense — perhaps not quite so dense as in the 
last-named species — and the yessels and fibres are of similar 
character and occurrence; in this case, again, the xylem passes 
almost insensibly into the pith. No groups of thin-walled tissue 
are to be seen in association with the primary xylem; but at inter- 
vals lacunae occur, including part of the primary and secondary 
wood. In some cases loose sections of xylem yessels appear in 
these lacunae, in a manner recalling the carinal cayities of Equise- 
tum. These lacunae may not impossibly represent degraded xylem- 
parenchyma, or at any rate degraded soft tissue analogous to that 
obseryed in C. mcidagascariensis (supra, p. 457). 
A few medullary rays, each of a single layerof rather narrow 
cells often infiltrated with tannin, trayerse the xylem ring. 
The phloem consists of two or three layers, for the most part, 
apparently, of sieye-tube tissue. This is rieh in tannin, and calcium 
