Wernham, The Systematic Anatomy of the genus Ganephora. 465 
oxalate is very abundant, taking the form of crystal-sand and small 
cluster-crystals. 
The phloem is surronnded by a sheath of fibres with extre- 
mely thick walls and lumina almost obliterated. This sheath is 
not so regularly continuous as in the case of C. madagascariensis. 
The constituent fibres are irregularly associated in groups, which, 
taken, together, form the more or less discontinuous sheath. The 
gaps in this sheath are, however, small, and are occupied by 
parenchyma; the latter, together with the fibres, appear from their 
Position and arrangement to belong to the phloem. 
The cortex is, in contrast with G. madagascariensis, for the 
most part of thick-walled lignified elements. Tannin is plentiful, 
especially in the outer zone. Calcium oxalate occurs as crystal- 
sand, with a fair number of cluster crystals, but is apparently less 
abundant than in C. madagascariensis. 
The epidermis isvery similar to that in the stem of the first 
species, except that the elements are relatively rather larger. 
There appears, moreover, to be no indication of the existence of a 
definite hypodermis. 
II. Leaf. a) Petiole. The general anatomical structure is 
similar to that of the first species; there is a large median bündle, 
and two small lateral ones (Fig. 3, b). 
The xylem-arc presents but little difference from that in the 
petiole of C. madagascariensis, but the ventral gap is broader. No 
parenchyma is associated with the xylem, as in the latter species. 
The medullary rays are filled with tannin. The phloem appears 
as a narrow band of sieve-tubes, which follows the periphery of 
the xylem as far as the edge of the gap. The cells are densely 
packed with calcium oxalate — crystal-sand and small clusters. 
No definite sclerotic sheath surrounds the phloem as in the 
first species, but the cells of the ground-tissue in the region imme- 
diately external to the main bündle have very thick walls. This 
ground-tissue, which is continuous with the tissue in the concavity 
of the bundle-gap, is relatively thick-walled throughout. Calcium 
oxalate and tannin both occur abundantly, the latter especially in 
the outer, sub-epidermal layers. 
The epidermis presents no critical differences from that in 
C. madagascariensis; there is no definite hypodermis. 
Each of the small lateral bundles consists of about fifteen 
xylem vessels, more or less separated into two groups,. associated 
with very little phloem. Fibrous elements, nine to twelve in number, 
form a discontinuous arc on the dorsal side. 
b) Midrib (Fig. 5, b). There is a ventral rib, triangulär in 
transverse section, with apical angle of about 120°; the dorsal side 
is relatively flat. 
The main vascular bündle consists of a closed ring of wood, 
completely surrounded by phloem. The xylem-ring is roughly circu¬ 
lar in section, and is made up of vessels much smaller and much 
more numerous than in G. madagascariensis — about six vessels 
broad throughout. These are arranged in a regulär radial manner, 
Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. Bd. XXVIII. Abt. I. Heft 3. 30 
