466 Wernham, The Systematic Anatomy of the genus Canepkora. 
and the ring is encircled by* a sheath of wood fibres, from which 
radial lines inyade the xylem. The latter is traversed by medullary 
rays rieh in tannin. 
The phloem appears as a continuous layer some two to three 
cells broad, and is packed with tannin and calcium oxalate in the 
form of crystal-sand. 
The intra-xylary ground tissue consists of rather large cells 
of circular section, with one or two sclerenchymatous fibres. This 
gronnd tissue is thick-walled for the most part, but a few thin-walled 
elements also appear. Tannin and calcium oxalate are present, 
the latter in the form of crystal-sand, both loose and in amorphous 
clusters. 
Immediately external to the phloem is an unbroken scleren¬ 
chymatous sheath, a single layer of small fibres with lumina obliterated 
as the result of the thickness of the walls. 
The extra-stelar ground tissue is of uniform parenchyma con- 
sisting of rather small thick-walled cells. There is a good deal of 
crystal-sand of calcium oxalate in this tissue, especially in the 
neighbourhood of the vascular bündle; this displays a strong ten- 
dency to aggregation into clusters. Tannin is somewhat scarce 
except in the ventral sub-epidermal region. 
The epidermis on the ventral side is distinct from that on 
the dorsal. The former is composed of large cells, elongated 
perpendicularly to the surface as seen in section, and with thick 
cuticle. The dorsal epidermis consists of relatively small cells with 
roughly circular lumina. No hypodermis is differentiated. 
c) Lamina (Fig. 6, b). Like that of the previous species, 
the leaf is of a distinctly thick type; the nature and arrangement 
of the tissues is essentially similar, and the parenchyma is thick- 
walled. Tannin abounds, especially in the palisade tissue, and 
also in the region underlying the dorsal surface. Calcium oxalate, 
in the form of crystal-sand aggregations and minute clusters, is 
more abundant than in C. madagascariensis, particularly in the 
interior of the leaf and in the spongy parenchyma. 
The ventral epidermis consists of conspicuously large cells, 
square or, in some cases, elongated radially. The cuticle is not 
so thick as in C. madagascanefisis. The dorsal epidermis is very 
distinct from the ventral, being composed of smaller, brick-like 
cells, with relatively thin cuticle. The small guard-cells of the 
stomata are appreciably sunk; each is associated with a large sub- 
sidiary cell which, apart from the cuticle, has comparatively thin 
walls. This type of stoma is, therefore, very different from that 
found in the last species. 
III. Peduncle. This is essentially similar in anatomical 
structure to that of C. madagascariensis , with the important ex- 
ception that the row of fibre-bundles which accompanies the main 
bündle in the inflorescence-peduncle of that species is absent in 
C. angustifolia. 
