Wernham, The Systematic Anatomy of the genus Canephora. 
469 
are thin; and the lacnnar System is more extensive than in either 
C. madagascariensis or C. ayigustifolia. 
Calcium oxalate is only fairly abundant in the lamina, but it 
takes the form frequently of relatively large cluster-crystals. 
The central line of the transverse section is occupied hy a 
row of vascular hundles, as in the other two species; but these 
are appreciably smaller, and associated with fewer fibres. 
The ventral epidermis is composed of cells distinctly larger 
than those of the dorsal. In both, the cells are brick-shaped, with 
narrower ones interspersed. The cuticles are relatively thin. 
The stomata are much more numerous than in the other 
species, as one would reasonably expect in view of the relatively 
mesophilous nature of this leaf. The guard-cells are not at all 
sunk, and each is associated with a subsidiary cell slightly smaller 
than the ordinary epidermal cells. The cell-walls are invariably 
thin in every case. 
III. Peduncle. Unfortunately no material is available at 
present for the purpose of anatomical investigation. 
Summary. 
A. Characters peculiar to each species. 
Each species appears to possess several anatomical 
characters which distinguish it from the other two; these 
are summarised below. How far these characters may be 
constant is a question which can be decided only byfurther 
investigation with more plentiful material. Taken collec- 
tively, however, the characters should at least serve to 
uphold the position as true species of the three forms 
described, thus maintaining the conclusions based upon 
external features. 
C. madagascariensis. I. Stern. The pith contains 
groups of thin-walled cells. The primary xylem is asso¬ 
ciated with patches of thin-walled parenchyma, which 
may be xylem-parenchyma, The xylem is particularly dense, 
and there are no definite medullary rays. A regulär and 
continuous sclerotic sheath immediately surrounds the 
phloem. The cortex is relatively thin-walled throughout. 
A definite hypodermis, very rieh in tannin, is differen- 
tiated. Calcium oxalate is, generally, less plentiful than 
in the stems of the other two species. 
II. Leaf. a) Petiole. The xylem of the main bündle 
forms an almost continuous cy lind er, the ventral gap 
being extremely narrow. “Xylem-parenchyma“ occurs at 
one or two points on the ring, each group passing into 
one of the medullary rays. The latter are conspicuous 
and numerous, each being some three or four cells broad. 
