diseases indiscriminately which may happen to occur on the 
same plant in Europe and America. While every precaution 
should he taken to prevent the introduction of new diseases, 
I wisli to protest against the habit of some of crediting us 
with diseases which have not yet readied our shores. The 
fungi here enumerated have all been personally determined, 
so that we know what is already in our midst and what we 
have to guard against. 
Up to 1898 there were only four fungi which had been 
scientifically determined as occurring on orange and lemon 
trees in Australia, and of which descriptions were published, 
viz., Capnodium citricolum , or Sooty Mould; Corticium 
nudum , or Naked Corticium ; Gloeosporium citricolum , or 
Leaf Gloeosporium; and Gloeosporium citri , or Stem Gloeos- 
porium. A number of other diseases were more or less care¬ 
fully diagnosed, but the name and nature of the fungi 
causing them were not known, and consequently an import¬ 
ant factor in the rational treatment of these diseases was 
still wanting. 
In the present report there are 82 species of fungi recorded, 
along with their technical descriptions, 78 being thus added, 
and 51 of these are new to science. I have carefully dis¬ 
tinguished between those which are parasites , preying upon 
the still living tissue, and those which are saprophytes , living 
upon dead portions, destroyed from some other cause. It is 
not always easy to decide between the two, as some fungi can 
adopt both modes of life according to circumstances ; and 
between the strictly parasitic and strictly saprophytic, there 
are many which occupy an intermediate position. 
1. True saprophytes are such as live during the whole 
course of their existence on dead substances, and noton living 
tissue, and consequently do not cause disease in plants. 
2. Hemi-sapropliytes are such as arc able to pass through 
their whole development as saprophytes, but may also live in 
a purely parasitic manner under certain circumstances. Thus 
the root-rot of raspberries is caused by a fungus ( Hypholoma 
fasciculare ), which can also live independently on dead and 
decaying matter. 
3. True parasites are always parasites, such as the rusts. 
4. Hemi-parasites are such as go through the whole 
course of their development as parasites, but may become 
saprophytes, if need be, during certain stages of their exist¬ 
ence. Such parasites are able to live upon lmmns in the 
soil. 
