114 
GENERAL REMARKS ON TREATMENT. 
In the accompanying chart of the principal fungus diseases 
and their treatment simple instructions are given for dealing with 
the different diseases mentioned, as far as our present knowledge 
will permit, but it is not to be for a moment imagined that the 
whole duty of the Citrus-grower consists in providing himself 
with a spraying outfit, and dressing his trees with various chemical 
mixtures. The health of a tree, like the health of a human 
being, is duo to various factors, and none of them must be 
neglected if the best results are to be obtained. Hence a suitable 
soil should be chosen for planting an orchard, as well as a good 
situation. Proper cultivation, attention to drainage and watering 
and manuring when necessary, should be given in addition to 
spraying when circumstances demand it. 
Manuring .—It has been found iu America, especially in Florida, 
where the Orange soils arc mostly sandy and sterile, that manuring 
is not only necessary for healthy growth, but for the prevention 
of many diseases to which Citrus-trees are subject. In a paper by 
Mr. Webber on “Fertilization of the soil as affecting the Orange 
in health an disease/’ published in the Year-book of the U-S. 
Department, of Agriculture for 1894, the subject has been very 
fully discussed, and the results are summarized as follows :— 
“ Fertilization has an important bearing on diseases. Die-hack, 
a serious malady, is in all probability the result of over-feeding 
with nitrogenous manures from organic sources. These manures, 
if used at all, should be applied with great caution. Foot-rot, 
although not primarily due to improper methods of fertilization, 
is no doubt considerably influenced by this cause. Insect diseases 
are also apparently influenced by the use of fertilizers, organic 
manures rendering the trees more liable to injury from this 
source than chemical fertilizers.” 
Lime soils are considered superior for Orange growing in many 
Orange countries, on account of their effect on the quality of the 
fruit and its earlier ripening. 
Spraying .—The best time for spraying is early in the spring, 
just before the bloom-buds burst. If the disease is very bad, 
another is useful when the fruit is set sufficiently to bear the 
force of the spray. The autumn is also a good time, when the 
weather is cool and the sun is not too hot. The frequency of the 
spraying will largely depend upon the nature and virulence of the 
disease. 
Removal of diseased hark, branches , &c .—Several fungus 
diseases seriously affect the bark and ultimately destroy the tree. 
If the disease is taken in time, and the affected bark completely 
cut away and burnt, recovery may take place. The green bark 
seems to heal rapidly, and a fresh vigorous growth is set up. In 
